The electrochemical properties of the samples were tested using CR2032 coin-type half-cells, which were assembled in an argon-filled glove box with Li metal foil (Aldrich, USA) as the counter electrode. The working electrodes were prepared by coating homogeneous slurry on a copper foil. The slurry was composed of 85 wt% of active material, 10 wt% of conductivity agent (acetylene black), and 5 wt% of binder (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF). Then the electrodes were dried at 80 °C in a vacuum oven for 12 h and pressed to enhance the contact between the active material and the conductive carbons. During the preparation of the electrode, the mass loading of active material in the electrodes is about ∼0.6 mg cm−2. The electrolyte was composed of 1 M LiPF6 and a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) 1 : 1 (vol%). Discharge–charge cycling tests were carried out at room temperature with a LAND test system, in the voltage range 0.01 V to 3.0 V (vs. Li/Li+). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out in the frequency range 100 kHz to 10 mHz, and cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were measured with a scan rate of 0.1 mV s−1 in a potential range 1.0 mV to 3.0 V. Both EIS and CV tests were carried out on the IM6 electrochemical workstation (Zahner, Germany) at room temperature.
Im6 electrochemical workstation
Manufactured by Zahner
Sourced in Germany
The IM6 electrochemical workstation is a laboratory instrument designed for electrochemical analysis and testing. It provides a platform for researchers and scientists to conduct various electrochemical experiments and measurements. The IM6 offers a range of functionalities and capabilities to support electrochemical research and development activities.
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Lab products found in correlation
12 protocols using im6 electrochemical workstation
1
Electrochemical Properties of Coin-Type Li-Ion Half-Cells
2
Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Preparation
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The cathode material was prepared with the O3-NaNFM and R–O3-NaNFM materials, super P (SP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (weight ratio was 8: 1: 1) solved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The slurry mixture was coated on Al foil as a current collecting agent, and vacuum dried at 80 °C for 12 h to obtain a cathode sheet, and a sodium sheet was used as counter electrode. The electrolyte was 1.0 M NaClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1 by volume) with 8 vol% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive, the cell was assembled in an Ar-filled glovebox. The galvanostatic charge and discharge test was carried out at 25 °C between 2.5 and 4.3 V on a battery tester (LAND CT2001A, China). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was tested at the IM6 electrochemical workstation (Zahner-Elektrik GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) with a frequency range from 0.01 to 100 kHz.
3
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Membranes
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of PIPEO, PIPEO/DPhPC and DPhPC membranes was performed using a Zahner IM6 electrochemical workstation equipped with HighZ-Probes (Zahner-Elektrik, Kronach, Germany), respectively. The HighZ-Probes were connected to Ag/AgCl electrodes immersed into the electrolyte compartments on both sides of the formed membranes. Measurements were performed in the range between 1 MHz and 100 mHz at an offset of 0 mV and an amplitude of 10 mV. Data acquisition was performed with the Thales Z-Man 1.18 software package from Zahner-Elektrik. The set-up was covered by a custom-built Faraday cage.
4
Photoelectrochemical Characterization of TiO2 Electrodes
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Photoelectrochemical measurements were carried out in a rectangular PMMA reactor [(30 × 50 × 100) mm3] equipped with a quartz window. A two-electrode system was used with a Pt foil counter-electrode (300 mm2) and the TiO2 electrode on FTO-coated glass substrate (19.6 mm2) in an aqueous 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte. For bias supply and current measurements, a Zahner IM-6 electrochemical workstation was used. A 150 W Xe Arc lamp (LOT-Oriel) served as the light source. A thermopile and powermeter were used for light-intensity measurements. The incident photon-to-charge carrier conversion efficiency was examined by irradiating the sample with monochromatic light (LOT-Oriel monochromator MSH101, 2.5 mm width of entrance and exit slit). The photocurrent at each wavelength was recorded until steady-state condition was reached (at constant electrode potential of 0 V).
5
Enzymatic Bacteria Impedance Measurement
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After the enzymatic bacteria in the capillary were washed, 100 μL of 100 μM urea was injected and incubated for 15 min to allow the urease on the enzymatic bacteria to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into ammonium ions and carbonate ions. Then, the catalysate was injected into the fluidic PCB electrode for impedance measurement. The electrochemical impedance measurements were conducted on the IM6 electrochemical workstation (ZAHNER, Kronach, Bavaria, Germany) with the Thales analysis software applying a sinusoidal alternating potential with the amplitude of 5 mV, the direct-current bias of 0 V and the frequency range of 1 Hz - 5 MHz on the PCB electrode. After each measurement, the PCB electrode was rinsed with the deionized water to remove the residual ions until its impedance returned to the original level, i.e., the impedance of the deionized water.
6
Fabrication and Characterization of Photoelectrode
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To fabricate the working electrode, the well ground sample (5 mg) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.5 mL) were mixed under sonication for 4 h. The obtained suspension (10 μL) was dropped onto a piece of fluoride-tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate with a cover area of 0.25 cm2, and the uncovered parts of the FTO glass were coated with epoxy. Then, the working electrode was dried at an ambient temperature. The photocurrent was recorded with a CHI650E electrochemical workstation equipped with a conventional three-electrode cell (Chen Hua Instruments, Shanghai, China). A platinum plate electrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode were used as the counter electrode and the reference electrode, respectively. The electrodes were immersed in a 0.2 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution and illuminated by a 300 W Xe lamp with a 420 nm cut-off filter from the backside. The Mott–Schottky plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots were obtained with a ZAHNER IM6 electrochemical workstation. The Mott–Schottky analysis was carried out in a 0.2 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution and the EIS analysis was carried out in a 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]/5 mM K4[Fe(CN)6]/0.1 M KCl mixed aqueous solution. In addition, each measurement was repeated three times under the same conditions.
7
Impedance Characterization of CGO-CFO Pellets
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For the impedance tests, both surfaces of the sintered CGO–CFO pellets were polished using sandpaper with P2500 grit and painted with Pt paste. To ensure good contact between Pt electrodes and the samples, the pellets were sintered in air at 1,000 °C for 5 h with a heating and cooling speed of 5 °C min−1. The impedance tests were performed in air between 150 and 800 °C, using an IM6 electrochemical workstation (Zahner) in the frequency range of 10−2–106 Hz. The fittings of the obtained impedance spectra with the corresponding equivalent circuit model were done using the software Z-View.
8
Impedance Spectroscopy of Perovskite Devices
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To investigate environment dependence of transport mechanisms, impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements were performed on the device using a Zahner IM6 electrochemical workstation. To avoid the physical or chemical damage‐induced degradation in the device, Au plated and spring loaded round pogo pins on a PCB substrate were used for reliable electrical contact. The device was sealed inside a chamber (Linkam LTS350). For initial measurement in dark condition, N2 gas was purged into the chamber overnight. The impedance spectra was checked constantly and the time‐ and environmental‐dependent impedance responses were measured within 1 h. The data point was captured every 2 min during the measurements. For environmentally dependent transport mechanisms under illumination, the measurements were performed under 1 Sun illumination using a Newport solar simulator. Impedance spectroscopy was recorded inside the sealed chamber under different gaseous conditions at a constant flow rate of around 100 mL min−1. The light illumination time was limited to 20 min as continuous illumination causes significantly excessive degradation of the perovskite thin films.
9
Electrode Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization
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The product powder was mixed with binders carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and conductive agents SP, which were dispersed in aqueous solvent with a weight ratio (activated materials: CMC: SP: SBR = 81: 6: 10: 3). The stirred slurry was pasted onto Al foil and dried at 80°C in vacuum. The electrode film was punched in a specified diameter of 18 mm. The foil was equipped into a button battery model (CR 2032), in which the electrolyte is 1 mol L−1 C2H5) 4NBF4/PC and the separator is organic special diaphragm (NKK, 4020).
The electrochemical tests were carried out in a three-electrode cell on an IM6 electrochemical workstation (Zahner-Elektrik, Germany). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was scanned from 20 to 200 mV s−1, and the voltage window is between 0 and 2.7 V in a two-electrode cell. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were performed with the current densities at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 A g−1 on LAND system (CT 2001A, China). Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were acquired from 10 to 1 MHz with an open circuit at an amplitude of 5 mV.
The electrochemical tests were carried out in a three-electrode cell on an IM6 electrochemical workstation (Zahner-Elektrik, Germany). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was scanned from 20 to 200 mV s−1, and the voltage window is between 0 and 2.7 V in a two-electrode cell. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were performed with the current densities at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 A g−1 on LAND system (CT 2001A, China). Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were acquired from 10 to 1 MHz with an open circuit at an amplitude of 5 mV.
10
Electrochemical Behavior of Fe/Mg2Si Composites
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The electrochemical behaviors of Fe/Mg2Si composites were tested by an IM6 electrochemical workstation (Zahner, Germany) in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C. The SBF with a pH of 7.4 contained 8.035 g·L−1 NaCl, 0.225 g·L−1 KCl, 0.311 g·L−1 MgCl2·6H2O, 0.231 g·L−1 K2HPO4·3H2O, 6.118 g·L−1 (CH2OH)3CNH2, 0.355 g·L−1 NaHCO3, 0.292 g·L−1 CaCl2, and 0.072 g·L−1 Na2SO4[2 ,35 ]. The typical three-electrode cell, containing the saturated calomel electrode (SCE, reference electrode), the sample (working electrode), and the platinum electrode (auxiliary electrode), was used to perform electrochemical tests. The potentiodynamic polarization curves of samples were obtained at a rate of 0.25 mV/s (−1200 – 100 mV) in SBF. The corrosion current density (Icorr) of samples was calculated by tafel extrapolation of the anodic and cathodic part of the polarization curves. Afterward, the Icorr was converted into the electrochemical corrosion rates based on the ASTM G59 standard[36 ,37 ]. The surface morphologies of the samples were examined using a Wyko NT9100 optical profiler (VEECO, USA) and the surface roughness value (Ra) was simultaneously acquired by the average standard deviation of height values.
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