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Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured twice at the assessment center during the inclusion consultation using an automated blood pressure device (OMRON 705IT electronic blood pressure monitor [OMRON Healthcare Europe]). Alternatively, measurements were taken manually with a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope in cases in which the blood pressure device failed or the largest cuff did not fit the individual's arm. 28 Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg. This definition aligns with the guidelines set by the European Society of Cardiology and includes cases managed with antihypertensive drugs or diagnosed by a clinician.
Diabetes status was determined by either the use of antidiabetic medication, a diagnosis of diabetes, or a fasting glucose concentration of 126.13 mg/dL or greater (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555). 29 (link) Dyslipidemia was identified if an individual had a fasting plasma total cholesterol level of 255.21 mg/dL or greater, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 158.30 mg/dL or greater (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259), or triglyceride level greater than 150.44 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113) or if they were taking statin medication.