Fls1000 fluorescence spectrophotometer

Absolute quantum yields, prompt and delayed PL spectra and phosphorescence decay curves were measured on an Edinburg FLS1000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Edinburgh Instruments, UK). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out on Bruker AXS D8 X-ray diffractometer (Germany) using a Cu Kα X-ray source (40 kV, 100 mA). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was operated on a Hitachi S-4800 microscope. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were collected on a Nicolet 380 FTIR spectrometer. Raman spectroscopic studies were carried out on a LabRAM HR Evolution spectrometer with a 785 nm laser as the excitation source. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were recorded by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (K-Alpha +) with an Al Kα X-ray source. The binding energy was calibrated by the C1s peak at 284.8 eV as the reference. High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were recorded on a Bruker Daltonics microTOF-QII instrument. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed on a Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA) 8000 with a heating rate of 5 °C·min^-1. The ¹H NMR of the sample were analyzed with JEOL JNM ECZ600R at room temperature.

¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra were performed on a Bruker Avance Neo 500 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer. High-Resolution EI mass spectra were measured with an Exactive GC high-resolution mass spectrometer. The UV-visible absorption spectra were carried out with a Hitachi U-3900 spectrophotometer. The excitation, steady-state, and time-resolved spectra were measured in Edinburgh FLS1000 fluorescence spectrophotometer equipped with a laser light source (295 nm). The emission spectra of these compounds with different optical power densities of excitation were carried out on Ocean Optics QE65 pro with 365 nm THORLABS LED as an excitation source. Single-crystal analyses of BPOH-TPA were determined using an Oxford Diffraction Gemini S Ultra X-ray Single-Crystal Diffractometer with a (Cu) X-ray source.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images were obtained using a JEM-2100 transmission microscope (JOEL, Tokyo, Japan, 200 KV). The selected mode is low-dose and the exposure time is 0.5 s. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using a PANalytical EMPYREAN III X’Pert spectrometer. The anode material of XRD is Cu and its radiate wavelength is 1.54 Å. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the multicolor CDs were measured with a spectrometer (PerkinElmer Frontier, Waltham, MA, USA) with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were obtained using a Thermo-VG Scientific ESCALAB 250 photoelectron spectrometer. The anode material is Al target and the wavelength is 8 Å. The UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded with a Cary 5000 UV–vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technology (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). The fluorescent spectrum, fluorescence lifetime, and absolute fluorescence quantum yield (FQY) data were investigated using an Edinburgh FLS1000 fluorescence spectrophotometer. The power used for the fluorescence measurements is 450 W. The color coordinates (CIE) were analyzed using Color Calculator software (CIE1931xy.V.1.6.0.2).

Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DFS) is currently a mature and widely used analysis method. It uses relative fluorescence intensity, excitation wavelength, and emission wavelength as three-dimensional coordinates, which can characterize the relative fluorescence intensity with the change of excitation and emission wavelength. The nine samples were scanned and analyzed in this study by an FLS1000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd., Livingston, UK). The measurements followed the protocol strictly. After approximately 30 min-preheat, the continuous xenon lamp was stable, and the samples were put into the equipment and ready to start the test. The spectra for every sample were collected at the range of excitation wavelength 240–700 nm and emission wavelength 260–720 nm with 5 nm increments. The experiments were all conducted under room temperature and normal humidity. All the samples were measured repeatedly (3 times), and every measurement lasted for about 20 min. The results were collected and prepared to perform statistical analysis.

Phagemid vector pHB was from the Academy of Military Medical Sciences. SfiI, NotI enzymes, and M13KO7 helper phages were bought from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA). ELISA coating buffer and TMB substrate solution were bought from Solarbio. Rabbit anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein polyclonal antibody was bought from Sino Biological (No. 40592-T62-100) (Beijing, China). Rabbit anti-M13 pAb-HRP was bought from Antaizhiyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Syringe Filter Units (0.45 µm) were bought from Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA). Broths and culture media were prepared by ourselves. The automatic microplate reader (SPARK) was bought from TECAN. The molecular interaction analyzer (ForteBio Octet K2, Fremont, CA, USA) was bought from SARTORIUS. FLS1000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer was from Edinburgh Instruments Ltd (Livingston, UK). Moreover, DXR3 Raman spectrometer was from ThermoFisher Inc (Waltham, MA, USA).

DPBF was used to indirectly detect the generation of ¹O₂^{62 (link),63 (link)}. The reaction was carried out in air-saturated MeOH solutions at room temperature. For the reactions, 2.4 ml of a DPBF solution (20 µM) was mixed with 0.5 ml solutions of either 1 (10⁻⁴ M), [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ (10⁻⁴ M) or pure MeOH in a Hellma 1-cm-path fluorescence cuvette. The reaction mixtures were illuminated in an Edinburgh Instruments FLS1000 fluorescence spectrophotometer at 350 nm with a slit of 2.5 nm. The decomposition of DPBF was detected by monitoring the luminescence intensity at 450 nm after excitation at 350 nm. The emission spectra were recorded at 5-min intervals with a dwell time of 0.2 s in the range of 420–600 nm.

DPBF was used to indirectly detect the generation of ¹O₂^{62 (link),63 (link)}. The reaction was carried out in air-saturated MeOH solutions at room temperature. For the reactions, 2.4 ml of a DPBF solution (20 µM) was mixed with 0.5 ml solutions of either 1 (10⁻⁴ M), [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ (10⁻⁴ M) or pure MeOH in a Hellma 1-cm-path fluorescence cuvette. The reaction mixtures were illuminated in an Edinburgh Instruments FLS1000 fluorescence spectrophotometer at 350 nm with a slit of 2.5 nm. The decomposition of DPBF was detected by monitoring the luminescence intensity at 450 nm after excitation at 350 nm. The emission spectra were recorded at 5-min intervals with a dwell time of 0.2 s in the range of 420–600 nm.