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Lfa 467 hyperflash

Manufactured by Netzsch
Sourced in Germany

The LFA 467 HyperFlash is a thermal conductivity analyzer that measures the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of solid and liquid samples. It utilizes the flash method to determine these properties. The instrument is capable of operating over a wide temperature range.

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10 protocols using lfa 467 hyperflash

1

Thermal Properties of Gutta-Percha Endodontic Material

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ProTaper Universal (PTU) gutta-percha points (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were pressed with heat into square sheets (10 × 10 × 1 mm) and the thermal diffusivity of the gutta-percha material was measured using Laser Flash Analysis (LFA 467 HyperFlash®, Netzsch, Selb, Germany). The specific heat capacity of the gutta-percha material was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC 200 F3, Netzsch). The density of gutta-percha material was measured by the buoyancy method.
The thermal conductivity of the gutta-percha material was then calculated according to the equation: where α is thermal diffusivity (m/s), k is thermal conductivity (W/m·K), ρ is density (kg/m3) and Cp is specific heat capacity (J/kg·K). Measurements were performed three times, and mean values were calculated.
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2

Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Polymer Nanocomposites

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The thermal conductivities of the base polymer and nanocomposites were measured using a laser flash thermal conductivity testing instrument (LFA467 HyperFlash, Netzsch). The device can be used to test the thermal diffusivity of EC materials. The thermal conductivity (λ) was calculated from λ = ρ (density, kg·m−3) × Cp (specific heat, J·kg−1·K−1) × D (thermal diffusivity, mm2·s−1). The thermal conductive specimen diameter and thickness were 12.7 mm and ∼0.1 mm, respectively. The specific heat capacities of the base polymer and nanocomposites were measured via the DSC 25 from TA Instruments. The three-step test was adopted to obtain the specific heat of the EC materials. The testing method and results for specific heat can be found in Supplementary Section 2.1.
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3

Thermally Conductive Resin Composition Preparation

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Example 30

With 18.2 parts by mass of the thermosetting resin mixture (X-1) prepared in Preparation example 1, 81.8 parts by mass of the surface-treated spinel (F-1) was mixed. The resulting mixture was kneaded with a planetary centrifugal kneader. The kneaded mixture was degassed using a decompressor at ordinary temperature and a reduced pressure of 0.1 MPa for 5 minutes. Hereby, a thermosetting resin composition that included a thermally conductive filler at a filling ratio of 60 volume % was prepared.

(Method for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Thermosetting Resin Composition)

The thermally conductive resin composition was hot-pressed into a resin cured article 1 (50×50×about 0.8 mm) (curing conditions: 170° C.×20 minutes). The resin cured article 1 was further cured in a dryer at 170° C.×2 hours and 200° C.×2 hours. A 10 mm×10 mm sample was taken from the cured product, and the thermal conductivity of the sample at 25° C. was measured with a thermal conductivity meter (LFA467 HyperFlash, produced by NETZSCH).

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4

Thermal Conductivity of N-Doped CNT Films

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We used a Xenon laser flash (LFA 467 HyperFlash, NETZSCH Japan K.K.) to measure the change ratio of the thermal conductivity, in response to the concentration of the N-type chemical-carrier dopant on the CNT films. The measured values of the chemically N-type-doped CNT films were normalised by that of the undoped CNT film. We prepared semiconducting and metallic mixed-type 25-mmφ SWCNT film with a thickness of 30 µm, for measuring the film’s thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity measurements were performed in the temperature range of −100 to 500 °C, a time acquisition speed of 2 MHz, a thermal diffusivity range of 0.01–2000 mm2/s, and a thermal conductivity range of 0.1–4000 W/mK. Here, the thermal conductivity of the undoped CNT film has been reported to be about 10 W/mK46 (link).
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5

Characterization of Felt Samples

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The bulk densities of the samples were calculated from their dimensions (measured using a Vernier caliper, sensitivity ±0.01 mm) and their weight (measured using a digital balance, sensitivity ±0.1 mg). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were collected with a D/Max- B diffractometer (Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan) operating at 40 kV and 30 mA with Cu Kα radiation. A digital microscope (Olympus-DSX 1000, Olympus Corp., Shinjuku City, Tokyo, Japan) was used to study the fracture surface. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were taken using a Supra 40 FE-SEM (Carl Zeiss NTS GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany) on the fracture surfaces after coating the samples with a thin Pt-Pd film by sputtering. The thermal diffusivities of the different felt samples were measured using the Laser Flash Analyzer, LFA 467-HyperFlash (NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH, Selb, Germany) in an N2 environment. Disk-shaped samples were made to fit in the measurement slits having a diameter = 12.7 mm, the thickness of the samples was recorded, and the parallel surfaces were coated with a thin graphite film to avoid reflection of the laser energy from the surfaces.
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6

Structural and Thermal Characterization of Sintered Pellets

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The crystal structures
of the sintered pellets were examined using X-ray powder diffraction
(Rigaku Smart Lab 3 diffractometer) with Cu Kα radiation. Data
were collected over a 2θ range of 10–120° with a
step size of 0.02° and a step time of 2°/min. Le Bail fittings
were performed using the FullProf program included in the WinPLOTR
software.48 (link),62 (link),63 (link) The shape
of the diffraction peaks was modeled using a pseudo-Voigt profile
function. Zero-point shifts, asymmetry parameters, and lattice parameters
were systematically refined, and the background contribution was manually
estimated. Observations of microstructural aspects of the sintered
samples were performed on the fractured cross section and polished
surface using a Hitachi SU-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and a mini-SEM (TM3000, Hitachi) both equipped with an energy-dispersive
spectrometer (EDS).
The thermal diffusivity α and heat
capacity Cp were measured using LFA-467
Hyperflash (Netzsch) under a flowing argon atmosphere (50 mL/min).
The thermal conductivity κ was derived as a product of the sample’s
density (measured by Archimedes’ method), thermal diffusivity,
and heat capacity Cp. The measurements
of electrical resistivity ρ and Seebeck coefficient S were performed simultaneously using a commercial instrument
Ulvac ZEM-2 under partial helium pressure.
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7

Laser-based Thermal Diffusivity Measurement

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The heat transfer diffusivity coefficients of the surfaces were measured at room temperature by using a laser thermal conductivity meter (NETZSCH, LFA 467 HyperFlash). The surface heating process was recorded, and the thermal diffusivity of the sample at room temperature was given by
α=0.1388×d2t50, where d represents the thickness of the surface and t50 is the time required to reach half of the peak value of temperature.
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8

Rheological and Thermal Analysis of AlN Ceramics

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A stress-controlled rotational rheometer (MCR302, Anton Par GmbH, Graz, Austria) with a cone (the diameter is 20 mm) was used to characterize the rheological properties of the photocurable AlN suspensions. Curing depth was determined by collecting the thickness of three independent printed samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed in reflection mode on a Rigaku D/max 2500 powder X-ray diffractometer (Tokyo, Japan). The microstructures of green bodies, degreased samples, and sintered AlN ceramics were examined using fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Magellan 400, FEI, Columbia, MD, USA). Sintered AlN samples were tested using a laser thermal conductivity analyzer (LFA467 HyperFlash, Netzsch, Germany) to determine their thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity at room temperature. The density of AlN ceramics was measured using the Archimedes method.
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9

Thermoelectric Properties Characterization

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The thermal diffusivity α and heat capacity Cp were measured using LFA-467 Hyperflash (Netzsch, Burlington, MA, USA) under a flowing argon atmosphere (50 mL/min). The thermal conductivity κ was derived as a product of the sample’s density (measured by Archimedes’ method), thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity Cp. The sintered disks were cut into rectangular bars for simultaneous electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements using a commercial instrument (ZEM-2, ULVAC Shinku-Riko, Yokkaichi, Japan) with a standard four-probe configuration under a partial helium atmosphere. All property measurements were performed on the same specimen. Taking into account the strong preferred orientation of the layered structure, S, ρ, and κ measurements were all measured along a plane perpendicular to the SPS pressure direction, namely, ‘in-plane axis’. Hall Effect measurement were carried out using a physical properties measurement system (PPMS; Quantum Design, San Diego, CA, USA), in a magnetic field of −7 T to 7 T at 300 K.
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10

Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Gutta-Percha

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Thermal conductivity was measured indirectly using the laser flash method, which was first introduced by Parker et al. (1961 ). The samples of the six brands were prepared by hot pressing the pellets of the solid gutta‐percha polymer to obtain six small thin disks, 12.7 mm in diameter and 0.3 ~ 0.5 mm in thickness. These specimens were tested using the laser flash method by LFA 467 HyperFlash (Netzsch) to acquire thermal diffusivity, allowing the thermal conductivity to be calculated using the following equation: α=kρCp where α is thermal diffusivity (m2/s), K is thermal conductivity (W/m K), ρ is density (kg/m3) and Cp is specific heat capacity (J/kg °C).
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