Wako tg kit

Serum levels of ALT, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and glucose were measured with assay kits for ALT (Catachem, Bridgeport, CT), NEFA-HR(2) reagent (Wako Chemicals USA, Inc., Richmond, VA), and glucose (HK) (Sigma-Aldrich), respectively. Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels were assayed by use of the Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN). Hepatic TG contents were quantified using Wako TG kit (Wako Chemicals USA Inc.) as described elsewhere [13 (link)]. Measurement of protein concentrations was carried out using BSA^™ protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL).

Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured with assay kits for ALT and ALP (Catachem, Bridgeport, CT), respectively. Hepatic contents of triacylglycerol (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were quantified using Wako TG kit and NEFA kit (Wako Chemicals USA Inc.) as described elsewhere [7 (link)–10 (link)]. Hepatic levels of PC, DG, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by Phosphatidylcholine assay kit, Diacylglycerol assay kit, and OxiSelect™ TBARS assay kit, respectively (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA). Hepatic phospholipase D (PLD) activity was determined by use of a colorimetric assay kit purchased from BioVision (Milpitas, CA). Mitochondial fraction was isolated by differential centrifugation of sucrose and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and glutathione (GSH) measured using PeroxiDetect kit and glutathione assay kit, respectively (Sigma-Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, MO) [9 (link)]. Measurement of protein concentrations was carried out using BCA™ protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL).