Versastat 4 potentiostat galvanostat

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules, in the amount of 5 μL with incorporated GOx, were applied onto the surface of a Prussian blue electrode and dried at 22 °С for 30 min. Between measurements, the biosensors were stored at a temperature of 4 °С in the dark. The measurements were carried out at a temperature of 22 °С in a 1-ml cell at constant stirring. The measurements were performed on an IPC-Micro galvanopotentiostat (Kronas Ltd, Russia). Glucose solutions were prepared in a 25 mM sodium–potassium–phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.5) with the addition of 20 mM NaCl.
The voltammetric and impedance measurements were carried out with a VersaSTAT 4 potentiostat galvanostat (Ametek Inc., USA) in the same solution with the addition of 5 mM [Fe(CN)₆]₃. A scanning rate of 40 mV/s was used for voltammetric measurements. A 100 mV constant potential (40 kHz–0.02 Hz frequency range) and a voltage modulation of 10 mV were used to obtain impedance spectra. The correct equivalent circuit for every system was picked using ZSimpWin software (EChem Software, USA). The measurements were carried out with constant stirring of solutions.

The electrochemical performance of NiMoO₄/NG nanocomposite electrodes constructed with graphite foil current collectors was investigated in a three-electrode system. The reference and counter electrodes were calomel and platinum, respectively, and the electrolyte was 1.0 M KOH. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was carried out at voltages of 0–0.7 V at scan rates of 5–100 mVs⁻¹ using a VersaSTAT 4 Potentiostat Galvanostat (Ametek, Berwyn, PA, USA). Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) tests were conducted at voltages of 0–0.5 V at various current densities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed over a frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 100 KHz at a voltage amplitude of 10 mV.