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2 protocols using sc 393496

1

Histochemical and Immunofluorescence Analysis of Fractured Bone

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Fractured bone was harvested from mice after euthanasia, fixed in 10% formalin for 12 h, and decalcified in 10% EDTA for 21 days. For histochemistry staining, the fractured bones were embedded in paraffin. Five-millimeter-thick longitudinally oriented bone sections were stained with Safranin O-Fast green (SOFG) to quantify the cartilage area and woven bone area. For immunofluorescence staining, we prepared cryo-embedding medium composed of 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 20% sucrose and 8% gelatin in 1× PBS. The fractured bones were embedded with cryo-embedding medium, and 7 µm cryosections were obtained. Bone sections were processed for antigen retrieval by digestion with 0.05% trypsin at 37 °C for 15 min and then incubated with primary antibodies against Ctsk (ab19027, 1:200, Abcam), p21 (sc-6246, 1:100, Santa Cruz), γ-H2AX (sc-517348, 1:100, Santa Cruz), GFP (ab6673, 1:200, Abcam), Arg2 (sc-393496, 1:100, Santa Cruz), GCA (PA5–77127, 1:200, Invitrogen), F4/80 (ab6640, 1:400, Abcam) and Ocn (M137, 1:500, Takara) overnight at 4 °C, followed by incubation with FITC- or Cy3-conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 1:200). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Sigma).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Fibrosis Markers

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Tissue samples were homogenized in lysis buffer (50mM TrisHCl, 150mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 2 mM EGTA, 0.2% Triton X-100, 0.3% NP-40, 0.1 mM PMSF, and 1 µg/ml pepstatin A) and then separated by 10% SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. After electrophoresis, samples were transferred to PVDF membranes (IPVH00010, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA), blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBS/0.5% v/v Tween 20 for 1 h, washed with TBS/Tween, and incubated with rabbit anti-Fibronectin (1:5000; AB2033, Millipore, MA, USA), anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (1:1000; A2668, Sigma, MO, USA), anti-Collagen I (1:1000, 234167, Merck Millipore, MA, USA), anti-Arg1 (1:1000; sc-20150, Santa Cruz, Germany), anti-Arg2 (1:1000; sc-393496, Santa Cruz, Germany). Antibodies were diluted in 5% milk TBS/Tween. Blots were washed with TBS/Tween and incubated with appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1:2000, Amersham, Aylesbury, UK). After washing with TBS/Tween the blots were developed with the chemiluminescence method (ECL Luminata Crescendo, WBLUR0500, Millipore, MA, USA). Blots were then probed with mouse monoclonal anti-α-tubulin antibody (1:5000, T6199, Sigma, MO, USA), and levels of expression were corrected for minor differences in loading. Quantification was expressed as arbitrary densitometric units (AU).
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