Herniarin 7 methoxycoumarin

Acetylcholine chloride (ACh), papaverine hydrochloride, hexamethonium chloride, N_ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), histamine dihydrochloride, serotonin hydrochloride (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT), pyrilamine maleate, ketanserin (+) tartrate, verapamil hydrochloride, umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin), herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin), and loperamide hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma (ST. Louis, Mo, USA). Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and potassium chloride (KCl) were bought from J.T. Baker. All chemicals were dissolved or suspended in saline solution (0.9%) and prepared on the day of the experiments. Saline solution was used as vehicle (VEH).

Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), ethanol 96%, methanol 99.8%, sodium nitrite, aluminium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, iron (III) chloride were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A (Gliwice, Poland), whereas DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine), (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, morin and herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Coumarin was obtained from Acrōs Organics (Fisher Scientific), while trans-ferulic acid, ellagic acid, vanillin and isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-glucoside) were from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), formic acid and HPLC-grade acetonitrile were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Purified water (“MilliQ water”) was obtained from a MilliQ System (System Direct-Q^® 3UV Ultrapure (type 1) water) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical reagent grade.