Acrylamide

Acrylamide was purchased from MP Biomedicals LLC (France, purity ≥ 99%, Acrylamide acid <0.001%), lithium bromide (≥99%), sodium bromide (≥99%), sodium bicarbonate (≥99.5%), methacrylate anhydride (99%), N,N′-MethylenebisAcrylamide (MBAA, purity ≥ 99.5%), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, size exclusion, ca 50 μm particle size), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO, 98%), phenylboronate Acrylamide (PBAAm, 98%), phosphotungstic acid hydrate (PTA, ≤ 0.002% total nitrogen), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl chloride (97%) were bought from Sigam-Aldrich (Germany). Dimethoxyphenylphosphine (97%), dopamine hydrochloride (99%) and 2-butanone (99%) were received from Alfa Aesar (Germany). Sodium hydroxide (99%), borax-NaOH buffer (pH = 10.00, accuracy: ± 0.02 pH, reference temperature 20 °C) and sodium hypochlorite solution (14%, active chlorine) were purchased from TH Geyer (Germany). DI water (conductivity <1 μS/cm, room temperature) was used in all steps and all solvents were used directly from TH Geyer (Germany) without further treatment. Dopamine methylacrylate (DMA) and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) were prepared using the reported method^{54 (link),55 (link)}.

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) was purchased from Sigma (St-Louis, MO) and Sepharose CL-4B and Sephadex G-25 medium were from Pharmacia Biotech Inc (Baie d’Urfé, QC, Canada). Acrylamide and bisAcrylamide were purchased from MP Biomedical (Irvine, CA). Sodium-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and other electrophoresis products were from Bio-Rad (Mississauga, ON, Canada). Low molecular weight (LMW) calibration kit was from GE Healthcare (Baie d’Urfé, QC, Canada). Immobilon-P polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were purchased from Millipore (Nepean, ON, Canada). Western Lightning Chemiluminescence Reagent kit was from Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences (Boston, MA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade and obtained from commercial suppliers.

Both titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) and dicyandiamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India. Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O), acrylamide and D-glucose were supplied by MP Biomedicals, India. Ammonia solution (NH₃ about 25%), nitric acid (HNO₃) and tartaric acid were supplied by Merck, India. All chemicals were used as received. Deionized (DI) water obtained from a double-stage water purifier (ELGA PURELAB Option-R7) was used for all experimental work.