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4 protocols using igm fitc

1

B Cell Immunophenotyping and Cytokine Analysis

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B cells were washed once in cold PBS containing 0.1% BSA (FACS buffer) before blocking with anti-FcγRII/FcγRIII (2.4G2, BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA). Stainings were performed on ice using conjugated mAbs (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, if not stated otherwise), diluted 1:300 in FACS buffer for surface marker and 1:200 for intracellular cytokine staining followed by incubation for 20 min. After washing with FACS buffer, cells were analysed on a FACS Canto II (BD) using FlowJo software (Tree star, Ashland, OR). The following Abs were used: B220-FITC (#11-0452-86), CD5-PE-Cy7 (#25-0051-81), CD1d-PE (#12-0011-81), CD138-APC (#142506, Biolegend), IgM-FITC (#11-5890-85), IgG1-PE (#12-4015-82), CD4-FITC (#11-0041-82), IL-2-APC (#17-7021-81), IFNγ-APC (#17-7311-82) and IL-10-PerCP (#45-7101-80). Abs against TNF−α−PE (#130-092-245) and IL-17-PE (#130-094-296) were from Miltenyi Biotec. For intracellular staining, the fixation and permeabilization kit (Plus Brefeldin A; eBioscience, Cat. no. 88-8823-88) was used according to manufacturer's recommendation.
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2

Profiling Memory B Cells from Vaccination

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To quantify and profile memory B cells from vaccination, single‐cell suspensions were prepared from inguinal lymph nodes, as previously described.32 Cells were stained with Zombie live/dead (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA), FcR‐blocked (anti‐CD16/CD32, BD Bioscience, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and stained with a cocktail containing anti‐mouse B220‐PECy7, CD38‐PE, IgD‐APC, CD95 (Fas)‐BV605, IgM‐FITC, IgG‐APCCy7 (all Biolegend), for 30 min on ice in FACS buffer (PBS, 1% FBS, 0.5% NaN3). Cells were finally fixed with 100 µL of 4% PFA for 20 min on ice. B memory cells were defined as B220+ CD38+/− Faslow IgD IgM+ or IgG+. Samples were acquired by flow cytometry on a FACS Attune (Invitrogen) and analysed with FlowJo software (BD). Representative FACS plots are shown in Supplementary figure 2a.
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Immunophenotyping B and T Cells

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WT and mFICD−/− mice aged 6–8 weeks were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation followed by cervical dislocation. Spleen, bone marrow, and thymus tissues were extracted and homogenized in PBE buffer (PBS +0.5% BSA and 1 mM EDTA). Red blood cells were lysed using ACK lysis buffer (Gibco), and cells were resuspended in PBE for surface staining with the following antibodies (clone;source) for 30 min at 4˚C: B220 PerCP-Cy5.5, CD43 APC, CD19 Pacific Blue, IgM FITC, IgD APC-Cy7, CD21 PerCP-Cy5.5, CD23 FITC, IgM APC, CD44 FITC, CD25 PE-Cy7, CD4 APC, CD8α Pacific Blue (53–6.7;BioLegend), CD3 PerCP-Cy5.5 (145-2C11;BD), B220 APC-Cy7. All samples were blocked using Fc-Block (BD Bioscience). Acquisition of B and T cell populations was performed on an LSRFortessa cytometer (BD) instrument and analyzed with the FlowJo software package (Tree-Star).
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Characterization of Lymph Node Immune Cells

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Mandibular lymph nodes were macerated over 40-μm mesh cell strainer (Midsci, Valley Park, MO) into single-cell suspensions. Cells were enumerated and 1 × 106 cells/100 μl PBS containing 2% FBS were blocked with anti-CD16/32 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), labeled with a combination of 1 μl each of CD45 PerCP-Cy5.5 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA), CD19 APC, CD3e, CD4 APC-Cy7, CD8a PE or APC-Cy7, IgM FITC, IgD PE-Cy7, CD44 APC, and/or CD62L FITC (all from Thermo Fischer Scientific) diluted in 1% BSA in 1X PBS for 30 minutes. In the case of tetramer staining, cells were labeled with a combination of CD3 PE-Cy7, CD8-APC-Cy7, gB (SSIEFARL)-PE or ICP6 (QTFDFGRL)-Alexafluor488 (NIH Tetramer Core Facility, Atlanta, GA). Cells were then washed twice by adding 1 ml of 2% FBS in 1X PBS, centrifuging for 5 minutes at 300 × g, and decanting supernatant. Cells were then fixed in 1 ml of 1% paraformaldehyde overnight and resuspended in 1 ml of 2% FBS in 1X PBS to be analyzed on a MacsQuant 196 flow cytometer (Miltenyi Biotech). Gating strategies were identical to those previously described [40 (link)] except those included in this study, incubated on ice in the dark for 20–30 min, and washed in PBS containing 2% FBS. Samples were analyzed using FlowJo software (Ashland, OR).
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