Acetone

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Belgium, India, Switzerland, France, China, Spain, Portugal, Australia, Sweden

Acetone is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid organic compound. It is a common laboratory solvent used for a variety of purposes, such as cleaning and degreasing. Acetone has a high evaporation rate and is miscible with water, making it useful for various applications in scientific and industrial settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

629 protocols using acetone

Synthesis and Purification of PPMA-g-Jeffamine

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Example 1

Synthesis.

10 grams PP-g-MA (Aldrich) (average Mw approximately 9,100 by GPC, average Mn approximately 3,900 by GPC, maleic anhydride 8-10 wt %) and 10 grams Jeffamine M2070 (Huntsman), were suspended in 200 ml Xylene (Fisher), and 2 g Tripropylamine (Sigma-Aldrich), was added afterward. The suspension was heated up to 125° C. for 48 hours. No initiator was used because it is a N-imidation reaction.

Purification.

Graft copolymer solution in Xylene was precipitated in acetone (Fisher), rinsed with acetone (Fisher) and solvent extraction with acetone (Fisher) for 24 hours. Tripropylamine is removed during this step. Purified material was dried in the vacuum oven overnight.

Yield.

PPMA-g-Jeffamine (e.g., PPMA-g-PEO-PPO) was ˜85% after purification based on the starting amount of PP-g-MA.

US10654979B2. Amphiphilic graft copolymers (2020-05-19). Becton, Dickinson and Company [US]. Inventors: Theresa Hermel-Davidock [US], Jianbin Zhang [US], Tea Datashvili [US].

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Bacterial Cells

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SEM was carried out by growing cells for 18 h in MCDB, BHI and D10 broth. The cells were then harvested by spinning at 3000× g for 15 min and fixed in acetone (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) for 1 h. A drop of cell/acetone mixture was placed on the SEM stubs and allowed to dry. A drop of tetramethylsilane (Sigma–Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) was placed on the stub to enhance and complete the drying after which the stubs were coated with platinum by spurting (Quorum Technologies, Polaron SC7640, Lewes, UK) for 90 s. The stubs were finally viewed under a high vacuum with a field emission gun SEM (Philips XL 30, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) capable of delivering 10–100,000× magnification and a maximum resolution under optimal conditions of 3.5 nm. SEM evaluation was also carried out on the purified polymer material and an elemental analysis was performed on the different regions of a stub by switching to the energy dispersive x-ray elemental (EDX) trace mode of the machine.

Nwaiwu O., Wong L., Lad M., Foster T., MacNaughtan W, & Rees C. (2021). Properties of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance Layer from Minimally Grown Planktonic Cells of Listeria monocytogenes. Biomolecules, 11(2), 331.

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Determination of Organic Pollutants

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TCS and 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) were purchased by Fluka (> 97%, Germany) and ACROS Organics (USA), respectively. Stock and working solutions of the tested compounds were prepared in acetone (1000 mg L -1 ) and stored at -18 o C. acetone (Fisher, USA), acetonitrile (Fisher, USA), methanol and ethyl acetate (Merck, Germany) were of HPLC grade. Ultra-pure water, used for all tests and HPLC analyses, was prepared in the laboratory using Milli-Q\Milli-RO Millipore system (USA). BPA-d16, used as internal standard, and ultra-pure HCl (32%) were purchased from Fluka (Switzerland) and Merck (Germany), respectively. Isolation of the compounds from the samples was performed using end-capped silica-based bonded C18 cartridges (Waters, Sep-Pak, 6 ml, 500 mg).

Gatidou G., Chatzopoulos P., Chhetri R.K., Kokkoli A., Giannakopoulos A., Andersen H.R, & Stasinakis A.S. (2021). Ecotoxicity and biodegradation of the bacteriostatic 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TSCA) compared to the structurally similar bactericide triclosan. The Science of the total environment, 769.

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Preparation of Microscope Slides for Imaging

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Slide preparation was performed at the Stanford Nano Shared Facility (SNSF) as previously described (Keren et al., 2018 (link)). In short, Superfrost glass slides (Thermofisher Scientific) were soaked in 0.1% SDS and rinsed with distilled water, and subsequently acetone (Thermofisher Scientific). Slides were then coated with 30nM of tantalum and 100nM of gold. Slides were then silanized in acetone (Thermofisher Scientific) before treatment with Vectabond (Vector Labs, Inc., Burlingame, CA). Slides were baked for 70°C for 30 minutes and stored at room temperature before use.

Ji A.L., Rubin A.J., Thrane K., Jiang S., Reynolds D.L., Meyers R.M., Guo M.G., George B.M., Mollbrink A., Bergenstråhle J., Larsson L., Bai Y., Zhu B., Bhaduri A., Meyers J.M., Rovira-Clavé X., Hollmig S.T., Aasi S.Z., Nolan G.P., Lundeberg J, & Khavari P.A. (2020). Multimodal Analysis of Composition and Spatial Architecture in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell, 182(2), 497-514.e22.

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Neuropeptide Extraction Protocol for DAACP Screening

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For initial screening of DAACPs,
neuropeptide extracts from pedal ganglia were pooled from 24 euthanized
animals (including discovery of GdYFD); follow-up studies for SdYADSKDEESNAALSDFAED
involved 10 animals. Peptide extraction was performed in acidified
acetone (40:6:1 acetone: H₂O:12 N HCl, v/v/v, acetone and
HCl from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), followed by centrifugation
at 14 000 rpm, at 4 °C for 20 min (Centrifuge 5804R, Eppendorf,
Westbury, NY). The supernatant was collected, dried (Savant Instruments,
Farmingdale, NY), and reconstituted in 5% acetonitrile (ACN) in H₂O with formic acid (FA) (95% H₂O, 5% CH₃CN, 0.1% FA v/v/v).

Livnat I., Tai H.C., Jansson E.T., Bai L., Romanova E.V., Chen T.T., Yu K., Chen S.A., Zhang Y., Wang Z.Y., Liu D.D., Weiss K.R., Jing J, & Sweedler J.V. (2016). A d-Amino Acid-Containing Neuropeptide Discovery Funnel. Analytical Chemistry, 88(23), 11868-11876.

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NMR Spectroscopy of Carbonyl Compounds

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The carbonyl-containing compounds were acquired from the following sources: N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), N-methylacetamide (NMA, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), ethyl thioacetate (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), ethyl acetate (99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), acetone (99.8%, Acros Organics), 1,3-dimethylurea (98%, Acros Organics). Solvents were purchased as follows: 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF, >99%, Sigma-Aldrich), D₂O (100.0% atom D, Acros Organics), glycer(ol-d3) (99% atom D, Sigma-Aldrich), methanol (99.8%, Fisher Scientific), dimethyl sulfoxide (99.7%, Acros Organics), chloroform (99.9%, Acros Organics), dichloromethane (99.9%, Acros Organics), tetrahydrofuran (99.9%, Acros Organics), dibutyl ether (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), n-hexanes (99%, Sigma-Aldrich). All reagents were used without further purification.

, & Sullivan S.N. (2001). Have 'scope, will travel. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 165(8), 1005.

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Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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The following materials were used: formamidinium
iodide (Sigma, >99%), PbI₂ (Sigma, 99%), phenylethylammonium
iodide (Greatcell Solar Materials), anhydrous dimethylformamide (99.8%,
Acros), dimethylsulfoxide (99.7%, Acros), acetone (99.6%, Acros),
chlorobenzene (99.8%, Acros), isopropanol (99.5%, Acros), and d₅-FAI (Cortecnet, 85% CD deuterated, 90% ND₂ deuterated). d₄-FAI and d₃-PEAI were prepared by dissolving in heavy
water (1:40 mol/mol ratio), followed by evaporation. This yielded
∼50 and ∼70% deuterium on the FAI and PEAI, respectively.

Mishra A., Hope M.A., Almalki M., Pfeifer L., Zakeeruddin S.M., Grätzel M, & Emsley L. (2022). Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enables NMR of Surface Passivating Agents on Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 144(33), 15175-15184.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂ • 6H₂O), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%), titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP, >98%), 2-methoxy ethanol (CH₃OCH₂CH₂OH, ≥99.5%), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄, ≥98.0%), ethanol (EtOH, 99.5%) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Iodine (I₂, synthetic grade), lithium iodide (LiI, synthetic grade), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, MW~20,000) were supplied by Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA). Acetone (

\geq

99%), 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP, 96%), and tert-butyl alcohol (tBA, 96%) were acquired from Acros, and 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN, 99%) was bought from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Transparent titanium dioxide (TiO₂) paste (TL paste, Ti-nanoxide HT/SP, 13 nm), cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato) ruthenium (II) bis(tetrabutylammonium) (N719 dye), and 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII) were obtained from Solaronix (S.A., Aubonne, Switzerland). Commercial light-scattering TiO₂ particles (ST-41 with 200 nm) were procured from Ishihara Sangyo, Ltd. (Nishi-ku, Osaka, Japan). Nitric acid (HNO₃, 65% solution in water), acetonitrile (ACN, 99.99%) was received from J. T. Baker. Polyester tape (1350F-1, 63 μm) was from the 3M Company (St. Paul, MN, USA).

Chen Y.L., Huang Y.J., Yeh M.H., Fan M.S., Lin C.T., Chang C.C., Ramamurthy V, & Ho K.C. (2022). Nanoflower-like P-doped Nickel Oxide as a Catalytic Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials, 12(22), 4036.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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We ordered potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂), bromine solution (Br₂), and octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) from Alfa Aesar. Acros Organics provided acetone, methanol (MeOH), chloroform (CHCl₃), and tetrahydrofuran (THF), as well as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and methanol (MeOH). Anthracene (A), pyrene (P), and tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) [Pd(PPh₃)] were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich. The instrumental methods and electrochemical experimental conditions can be found in the Supplementary File.

Ejaz M., Samy M.M., Ye Y., Kuo S.W, & Gamal Mohamed M. (2023). Design Hybrid Porous Organic/Inorganic Polymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/Pyrene/Anthracene Moieties as a High-Performance Electrode for Supercapacitor. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2501.

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Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis

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1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol, 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG, PEG MW =2000), DSPE-PEG 2000 folate were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL), benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), acetone was ordered from Acros Organics (Waltham, MA), chloroform was brought from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All chemicals obtained were analytical grade and were used without any further purification.

Sneider A., Jadia R., Piel B., VanDyke D., Tsiros C, & Rai P. (2017). Engineering Remotely Triggered Liposomes to Target Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Oncomedicine, 2, 1-13.

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