Apigenin, Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin and doxorubicin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Flavonoids were dissolved in sterile dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma) and doxorubicin was dissolved in sterile H2O. Growth factor reduced basement membrane Matrigel was obtained from Corning (Bedford, MA). insulin-transferrin-selenium-X (ITS-X) and penicillin–streptomycin-glutamine solutions (PSG) were from GIBCO (Waltham, MA). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), hydrocortisone, insulin and gentamycin were purchased from Sigma. Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175) (D3E9) antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA). Anti-phospho-histone γH2AX (S139, clone JBW301) antibody was from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Anti-hnRNPA2/B1 (clone DP3B3) and anti-β-tubulin (clone AA2) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-FMK and the caspase tetrapeptide substrates LEHD-, IETD- and DEVD-AFC were from Enzyme System Product (Livermore, CA).
Apigenin 7 o glucoside
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy
Apigenin-7-O-glucoside is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound. It is a glycoside of the flavone apigenin, with a glucose moiety attached at the 7-position. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside is commonly used as a reference standard or analytical tool in research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Apigenin, by Merck Group (17 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Rosmarinic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Protocatechuic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Luteolin 7 o glucoside, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Naringin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
26 protocols using apigenin 7 o glucoside
1
Flavonoids and Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity Evaluation
2
Chrysanthemum Cultivars Phytochemical Analysis
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Six kinds of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars were purchased from different companies (Table 1 ). Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, formic acid, acetonitrile, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and ammonium acetate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was further purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Unless otherwise mentioned, the chemicals and reagents used in this experiment were of analytical grade.
3
HPLC-Based Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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To identify the phenolic compounds and determine their contents in the extracts and oil samples, the method of Espínola et al. [23 (link)] was used with minor modifications. A Model 20 series high-performance liquid chromatograph (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a BDS Hypersil C18 column (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used. The mobile phase was a ternary gradient made up of Milli-Q water with 0.2% ortho-phosphoric acid, methanol, and acetonitrile. The elution flow rate was 1 mL/min. The oven temperature was set at 30 °C, and the injected volume of sample was 20 μL. The UV detector provided a signal at 280 nm. The phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by comparison with analytical standards of hydroxytyrosol from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France), oleuropein from Fluka (Milan, Italy), and tyrosol, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and verbascoside from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The results are expressed as milligrams of compound per gram of dry extract or per kilogram of oil.
4
Phenolic Standards and Cell Culture Reagents
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Phenolic standards such as salicylic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, luteolin-7-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, naringin, methyl paraben, and vanillin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Solvents and reactants such as acetonitrile, acetic acid, ethyl acetate methanol, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) pyridine, and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT, cat. no. M5655) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin–streptomycin (pen–strep) solution were obtained from Millipore Co. (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Other cell culture reagents were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc, Waltham, MA, USA).
5
Phenolic Compounds Quantification Protocol
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Ethanol and sodium carbonate were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland (Gliwice, Poland). Gallic, m-coumaric, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, 5-O-caffeoylqunic, ferulic, isoferulic, vanillic, salicylic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, syringic, rosmarinic acid, quercitrin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, eriocitrin, taxifolin, 3-O-methylquercetin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, luteolin, kaempferol, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, sakuranetin, aluminum chloride, and LC–MS grade acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was supplied by Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Quercetin was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Catechin, naringenin 7-O-glucoside, eriodictyol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 3,7-diglucoside, nicotiflorin, narcissoside, gentisic, sinapic acid, and myricetin were provided by ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). Astragalin, apigenin, naringenin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, and tiliroside were supplied by Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). LC–MS grade water was prepared using a Millipore Direct-Q3 purification system (Bedford, MA, USA).
6
Antioxidant Compounds Characterization
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The DPPH•, 4-hydroxy coumaric acid, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, CAPE, carnosic acid (used as IS), chlorogenic acid, chrysin, galangin, gallic acid, hesperidin, lueolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, naringenin, pinocembrin, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, xanthine oxidase (Bovine), allopurinol, xanthine, were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Thirty-seven methyl esters of C4–C24 fatty acids, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol of analytical grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chem. Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Standardized Reagent Procurement and Characterization
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Chemicals and materials used throughout this work were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co., United States) and were used as received without further purification. Analytical grade solvents ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, and formic acid were procured from Merck & Co., Darmstadt, Germany. Sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, calcium chloride, sodium biphosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium chloride, and ethylene tetra-acetic acid were sodium bicarbonate, and ethylene tetra-acetic were procured from Merck & Co, Darmstadt, Germany. Acetylcholine chloride, atropine sulfate, verapamil hydrochloride, and L-NAME were procured from Sigma Chemicals, Co., St. Louis, MO, United States. The analytical grade Apigenin-7-O-Glucoside, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Ellagic acid, EpiCatechin, Gallic acid, Naringenin, Naringenin-7-O-glucoside, Orientin were procured from Sigma Chemicals, Co., St. Louis, MO, United States.
8
Detailed Phytochemical Analysis Protocol
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Standards of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), verbascoside from Phytoplan (Heidelberg, Germany) and isoverbascoside from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Linoleic acid, gallic acid, TBA (2-thiobarbituric acid), TPTZ (2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), ABTS (2,2′azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), potassium persulfate, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolinum), AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride), Tween 40, PMS (phenazine methosulphate) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (Darmstadt, Germany), and NADH from Roche Diagnostic (Manheim, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, sodium carbonate, FeCl3x6H2O and general solvents were obtained from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland). HPLC-grade solvents: acetonitrile, methanol, acetic acid were acquired from J.T. Baker (Arnhem, The Netherlands).
9
Standardized Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids Analysis
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Standard (purity > 98%) flavonoids and phenolic acids including quinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, epicatechin, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, catechin, p-cumaric acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, ferulic acid, naringin, rutin, quercetin 3 galattoside, hesperidin, rosamarinic acid, kaempferol 3 glucoside, ellagic acid, diosmin, genistein, isorhamnetin 3 rutinoside, myricetin, daidzein, quercetin, naringenin, gallic acid, luteolin, and apigenin were provided from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). For the antioxidant experiments, 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid, potassium persulphate, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolio chloride (TPTZ), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), anhydrous ferric chloride, sodium acetate, and hydrochloric acid were provided from Sigma-Aldrich. Standards and enzymes used to simulate GI process were: pepsin, bile salt, α-amylase, pancreatin, bacterial protease from Streptomyces griseus (Pronase E), Viscozyme L and pancreatin were provided from Sigma-Aldrich. Moreover, Megazyme® phytic acid assay kit, ammonium molybdate, potassium persulfate, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer, ferric chloride (FeCl3) and sodium chloride were provided from Sigma-Aldrich.
10
Determination of Antioxidant Compounds
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Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and standards of gallic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was acquired from Panreac (Castellar del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain). ABTS diammonium salt (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), acetic acid and standards of Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Glycerol was acquired from Labbox (Barcelona, Spain), ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q water system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA) and ethanol was purchased from Romil Ltd. (Waterbeach, UK). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile was acquired from Honeywell Research Chemicals (Seelze, Germany), whereas the HPLC standards of hydroxytyrosol, protocatechuic acid, verbascoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, oleuropein and apigenin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain).
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