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8 protocols using hdac1

1

HDAC Enzyme Inhibition Assay

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The HDAC assay kit was purchased from BPS Bioscience (San Diego, CA). The assays were carried out in black NUNC 96-well plates. Each well contained a volume of 50 μl including buffer (BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50031), the mixture of proteins (HDAC-1 (0.033 mg/ml, BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50051) or HDAC-6 (0.025 mg/ml, BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50006) and competing proteins), inhibitor (at the IC50), BSA (1 mg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich), and HDAC substrate 3 (20 μM, BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50037). Upon addition of substrate, the plate was incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. HDAC assay developer (50 μL, BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50030) was then added to each well and the plate incubated for 15 min at room temperature. The fluorescence was recorded at excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 460 nm, respectively. Blank wells containing no inhibitor or protein were subtracted from all wells. The control wells, containing no inhibitor, were arbitrarily set as 100% activity. The assays were performed in triplicate, and each assay contained each inhibitor/competing protein combination was conducted three times. The data were normalized to values measured for uninhibited enzyme. Assays were reported as mean ± standard deviation.
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2

Histone Acetylation Profiling

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20 amino acids were purchased from EMP Millipore. Site specific primary antibodies include anti-H3K9ac (Cell Signaling), anti-H3K14ac (EMP Millipore), anti-H3K18ac (EMP Millipore), anti-H3K23ac (EMP Millipore), anti-H3K27ac (Cell Signaling), anti-H4K16ac (Active Motif) antibodies, as well as anti-histone H3 (Abcam). Secondary antibody as HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody from Cell Signaling. H4K16ac nucleosome was purchased from Epicypher. The free enzyme HDAC1 (in the complex with HSP70) is purchased from BPS Bioscience.
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3

HDAC Inhibition Assay Protocol

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HDAC-1 and −6 were purchased from BPS Bioscience (BPS Bioscience catalog #50051 and 50006, San Diego, CA, USA) and the assay was carried out as instructed by manufacturer. The assays were carried out in black 96-well plates (Costar). Each well contained a volume of 50 μL including buffer (25 mM Tris/HCl, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mg/mL BSA, pH 8.0), HDAC (3.8 ng/well of HDAC-1, 50 ng/well of HDAC-6, BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50051 and no. 50006, respectively), inhibitor (various concentrations, 1 mM – 5 μM), and HDAC substrate 3 (20 μM, BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50037). Prior to adding substrate, the plate was preincubated for 5 min. Upon addition of substrate, the plate was incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. HDAC assay developer (50 μL, BPS Bioscience, catalogue no. 50030) was added to each well and the plate incubated for 15 min at room temperature. The fluorescence was recorded at excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 460 nm, respectively. The negative control wells, containing no inhibitor, were arbitrarily set as 100% activity. The positive control wells, containing 200 μM SAHA, were arbitrarily set as 0% activity. HDAC activity was defined as the ratio of fluorescence in the inhibitor wells relative to the negative control wells, expressed as a percentage. The assays were performed in triplicate.
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4

HDAC1 Inhibition Assay Protocol

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The enzymatic test against HDAC1 was performed by Chempartner (Shanghai, China). The compounds were tested in vitro using SAHA (purchased from Sigma -Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates, Cat. No. SML0061) as the reference compound, and the testing concentration was set as 100 μM. HDAC1 was purchased from BPS bioscience (San Diego, CA, USA) and prepared in modified Tris Buffer. The substrate solution was made by trypsin and Ac-peptide substrate in modified Tris Buffer. A total of 15 μL of the HDAC1 solution was transferred to the assay plate and incubated at room temperature for 15 min; then, 10 μL of the substrate solution was added to each well to start the reaction. The fluorescence was then measured for excitation and emission at wavelengths of 355 nm and 460 nm by a Envision plate reader. The percentage inhibition was calculated using the following equation: Inhibition % = (Max-Signal)/(Max-Min) × 100%. All the tests were performed in duplicate.
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5

HDAC Enzyme Characterization Protocol

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Assays were performed in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer [50 mM HEPES/Na, 100 mM KCl, 0.001% (v/v) tween-20, 0.2 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), 0.5 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA), pH 7.4] unless otherwise stated. Recombinant HDAC enzymes employed in µSPOT, inhibitor, and substrate assays were from commercial sources: HDAC1 (full length, C-terminal His tag, C-terminal FLAG tag, BPS Bioscience, cat. #: 50051, lots 170105-1 and 181108-1, purity ≥ 79%, activity ≥ 460 pmol/min/µg), HDAC2 (full length, C-terminal His tag, BPS Bioscience, cat. #: 50002, lots 160701 and 160630, purity ≥ 84%, activity ≥ 675 pmol/min/µg), HDAC3/NCoR2 (full length, C-terminal His tag, NCoR2 N-terminal GST tag, BPS Bioscience, cat. #: 50003, lots 130819 and 190327, purity ≥ 80%, activity ≥ 3000 pmol/min/µg), HDAC8 (full length, C-terminal His tag, BPS Bioscience, cat. #: 50008, lots 150714 and 161216, purity ≥ 90%, activity ≥ 300 pmol/min/µg), HDAC4 (aa 627‒1084, BPS Bioscience, cat. #: 50004, lot 130828-G, purity ≥ 89%, activity ≥ 103225 pmol/min/µg), HDAC6 (full length, BPS Bioscience, cat. #: 50056, lot 151130-C, purity ≥ 88%, activity ≥ 150 pmol/min/µg). Antibodies: 6x-His tag monoclonal antibody (HIS.H8), HRP-conjugated (ThermoFisher, cat. #: MA1-21315-HRP).
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6

HDAC1 Enzyme Activity Assay

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HDAC1 (BPS Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Cat. No. 50051); DMSO (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. Cat. No. D2650); 84-well plate (Perkin Elmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA. Cat. No. 6007279)
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7

Histone Deacetylase Assays and Immunoblotting

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with L-glutamine was purchased from GenDEPOT (Barker, TX), fetal bovine serum was purchased from HyClone, and penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD). Antibodies for α-tubulin, Ac-α-tubulin (Lys40), Histone H3, Ac-Histone H3 (Lys9), HDAC1, HDAC6, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA). Goat anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Cell Titer 96 Aqueous One Solution cell proliferation assay kit was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). Amersham ECL Select western blotting Detection Reagent was purchased from GE Healthcare. HDAC fluorogenic assay kits (HDAC1, #50061; HDAC2, #50062; HDAC3, #50073; HDAC4, #50064; HDAC6, #50076; HDAC11, #50687) were bought from BPS Bioscience (San Diego, CA).
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8

HDAC Enzyme Activity Assay Protocol

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Enzyme activity measurements of class I and IIa HDACs were performed using a cell‐free system and according to a method previously described.16 We used fluorogenic HDAC1 (#50061), HDAC2 (#50062), HDAC3 (#50063), HDAC4 (#50064), HDAC5 (#50065), HDAC6 (#50076), HDAC7 (#50067), HDAC8 (#50068) and HDAC9 (#50069) enzyme assay kits from BPS Bioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). To test the enzyme activity of LMK235, 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 μmol/L concentrations were used. For the IC50 calculations, every data point was normalized to the vehicle (100% activity). The normalized data were fitted with a Hill non‐linear curve fit (OrigionPro 9.0). Employing the “Find X from Y” function in OrigionPro 9.0 resulted in the IC50 values (50% activity).
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