Emodin

Manufactured by Yuanye Bio-Technology

Sourced in China

Emodin is a natural compound derived from various plant sources. It functions as a bioactive agent that can be used in laboratory research and analysis. The core function of Emodin is to serve as a chemical standard or reference material for identification and quantification purposes in analytical procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions) Cell cycle detection kit, by BestBio (2 mentions) Edu detection kit, by RiboBio (2 mentions) P akt, by Abcam (2 mentions) Annexin 5 pi kit, by BestBio (2 mentions) Goat anti rabbit igg, by Proteintech (2 mentions) Ad mcherry gfp lc3, by RiboBio (2 mentions) Chloroquine cq, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions) P pi3k, by Abcam (2 mentions) Trizol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Vimentin, by Abcam (2 mentions) Matrigel, by Corning (2 mentions) E cadherin, by Abcam (2 mentions) N cadherin, by Abcam (2 mentions) Transferase mediated nucleotide nick end labeling tunel kit, by Beyotime (2 mentions) Phosphor tbk1, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions) P irf3, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions) Bcl 2 associated x protein bax, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions) Caspase 1, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2 citations) Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (2 citations)

17 protocols using emodin

Emodin Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis

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Mice were habituated to the environment for 5 days prior to the experiments, and randomly divided into three groups: Control, CIA and CIA + emodin. Every group contains 10 animals. 2 mg/mL bovine type II collagen (CII) solution (Chondrex, Redmond, USA, 20022) homogenized and emulsified with an equal volume of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). And on day 0 and day 7, 20 μL mixture were intradermally injected at the left hind paw of mice to establish collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.^{20 (link)} Paw thickness and ankle width were measured on day 14. Behaviors tests were detected on day 7 and 14.
On day 15, 16 and 17 after CIA injection, mice from CIA and CIA + emodin were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle and emodin (10 mg/kg), respectively.^{21 (link)} emodin (Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology, China) was dissolved in DMSO and diluted with 0.9% NaCl before used. Subsequently, behaviors tests were performed at 4 h after emodin administration. Then, all animal were scarified for further experiments after behaviors tests.

Cheng D.W., Yue Y.F., Chen C.X., Hu Y.D., Tang Q., Xie M., Liu L., Li D., Zhu H.L, & Cheng M.L. (2022). Emodin alleviates arthritis pain through reducing spinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Molecular Pain, 18, 17448069221146398.

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Emodin Modulates VSMC Proliferation

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Emodin was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd(purity >98% batch lot, 20110323; Shanghai, China). Angiotensin II (AngII), a stimulant for proliferation for VSMCs, was obtained from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). LiCl, an inhibitor for Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma. The primers for miRNAs were synthesized by Sangon (Shanghai, China). Antibodies against DVL-1, COL1A1(C-18), COL3A1(C-15) and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The antibodies to β-catenin and Wnt4 (rabbit monoclonal antibody) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). All of the cell culture media and other reagents were from Invitrogen (Shanghai, China).

Hua J.Y., He Y.Z., Xu Y., Jiang X.H., Ye W, & Pan Z.M. (2015). Emodin prevents intima thickness via Wnt4/Dvl-1/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by miR-126 in balloon-injured carotid artery rats. Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 47(6), e170-.

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Emodin and miR-490-3p in Renal Cell Responses

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The normal rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, United States), and routinely cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Wisent, Nanjing, China) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD, United States), 100 U/ml penicillin (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, United States), and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, United States) at 37°C with 5% CO₂. In the first experiment, NRK-52E cells were pretreated with serum-free medium for 24 h, then exposed to 40 μM or 80 μM emodin (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., China) for 24 h. In the second experiment, NRK-52E cells were pretreated with serum-free medium for 24 h, then exposed to 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 (R&D Systems, MN, United States) with or without 40 μM or 80 μM emodin for 24 h. In the third experiment, HEK293 cells were transfected with miR-490-3p mimics, miR-490-3p inhibitors, and negative controls (NCs), then treated with or without 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h. In the fouth experiment, NRK-52E cells transfected with miR-490-3p mimics, miR-490-3p inhibitors, and NCs were treated with or without 80 μM emodin for 24 h, then exposed to 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h. All control groups were treated with the same volume of vehicle.

Wang L., Wang X., Li G., Zhou S., Wang R., Long Q., Wang M., Li L., Huang H, & Ba Y. (2023). Emodin ameliorates renal injury and fibrosis via regulating the miR-490-3p/HMGA2 axis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1042093.

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Authentic Standards for Phytochemical Analysis

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Kaempferol, iso quercitrin, ω-hydroxyemodin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, luteolin, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, epi catechin, catechin, and emodin were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The purities of these authentic standards were >98%. HPLC-grade acetonitrile was acquired from Honeywell (Morris, NJ, USA). Acetic acid and ammonium acetate (HPLC-grade) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Pure distilled water from Watsons water (Hong Kong, China) was used.

Yang W., Qian G., Chen Y., Liu T., Wan H., Wang S., Meng X., Chen W., A.t.i.a.-.t.u.l.-.W.a.h.a.b., Su Y., Zhang Y., Du W., Dong G., Ma P., Dziedzic K., Chen Q., Chen S, & Sun W. (2022). Profiling of polyphenols for in-depth understanding of Tartary buckwheat sprouts: Correlation between cultivars and active components, dynamic changes and the effects of ultraviolet B stress. Food Chemistry: X, 14, 100295.

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Emodin Modulates Mitochondrial Function

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Normal human liver cell line L02 cells were purchased from China Cell Bank (Shanghai). Cells were cultured in complete Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM) medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, v/v) and 100 U/mL streptomycin. The culture conditions were 37 °C under 5% CO₂. Emodin was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Reducing reagent, denaturing reagent, iodoacetamide, quenching reagent, dissolution buffer, and the Protein Assay Kit were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corp., MA, USA). Carbamide and 3-((3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate) (CHAPS) were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (Hercules, CA, USA). Thiourea and bovine serum albumin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA). Caspase-8, caspase-3, Ndufs1, Cox7A2, ATP6, SDHA, and Bax inhibitor 1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The mitochondrial extraction kit was purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Corporation (Beijing, China). The Electron transport chain Complex assay kits I, II, III, IV, and V were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).

Lin L., Liu Y., Fu S., Qu C., Li H, & Ni J. (2019). Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex Function—The Hepatotoxicity Mechanism of Emodin Based on Quantitative Proteomic Analyses. Cells, 8(3), 263.

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Emodin Modulates Autophagy and EMT

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Emodin was purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China; Purity ≥98% by HPLC; lot number: T17O11F127680), which was dissolved in DMSO to provide a stock 50 mM solution and stored at − 20 °C. Fetal bovine serum, culture medium, and other solutions used for cell culture, where specially noted, were from Gibco (Brazil). Chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (TX, USA). PI3K agonist 740 Y-P were purchased from MedChemExpress (Guangzhou, China). Matrigel was purchased from Corning (NY, USA). Dimethyl-sulfoxide was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (MO, USA). EdU detection kit and ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3 were purchased from RiboBio Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). Annexin V/PI kit and cell cycle detection kit were purchased from BestBio (Shanghai, China). Trizol was obtained from Invitrogen (CA, USA). The primary antibodies against E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT were bought from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The primary antibodies against β-catenin, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, Snail, Slug, Beclin1, LC3B, SQSTM1, and p-mTOR were purchased from Cell Signal Biotechnology (Beverly, MA, USA). HRP-conjugated Affinipure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG and Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG were sourced from Proteintech (Chicago, IL, USA).

Qin B., Zeng Z., Xu J., Shangwen J., Ye Z.J., Wang S., Wu Y., Peng G., Wang Q., Gu W, & Tang Y. (2022). Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulating autophagy-mediated degradation of snail and β-catenin. BMC Cancer, 22, 671.

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Emodin Therapy in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

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Emodin (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. China) was dissolved in pyrogen-free saline and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Beijing ITA Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China). Daily oral Emodin treatment was started 2 h after UUO surgery for 14 continuous days, with 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg considered as low (EM-L), medium (EM-M), and high (EM-H) dosages. Losartan (LST, Merck Sharp and Dohme., Ltd., United States) was dissolved in pyrogen-free saline as a positive control. Daily oral LST treatment (10 mg/kg) was started 2 h after UUO surgery for 14 continuous days. All sham and UUO mice were treated with the same volume of saline and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the vehicle for treatment.

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Analytical Method Development for Herbal Compounds

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Acetonitrile (ACN, LC-MS/MS grade) and formic acid (≥98%, analytical grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, New Jersey, USA) and Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Purified water was obtained from Millipore using a Milli-Q system (Bedford, MA). The reference standards (emodin, rheic acid, chrysophanic acid, magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin, naringin and neohesperidin) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The purities of these standards were determined to be greater than 98% using HPLC coupled with a UV detector. Rheum palmatum L. (No. 190207), Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (No. 190619), Citrus aurantium L. (No. 190128), and mirabilite (No. 190515) were purchased from Hubei Chenmei Herbal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The samples were identified by Dr. Sen Li of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.

Pan G., Wu Y., Liu Y., Zhou F., Li S, & Yang S. (2023). Dachengqi decoction ameliorates sepsis-induced liver injury by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 14(3), 256-265.

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Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds

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Gallic acid (#B20851), trans-SG (#B21757), emodin (#B20240), physcion (#B20242), and EG (#B20241) were bought from Yuanye Biotech (China). Cis-SG (#E-0261) and PG (#E-2497) were purchased from Tauto Biotech (China). Methanol and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were provided by Merck (Germany). Deionized water was obtained using a Milli-Q water system (Millipore, United States). Phosphate acid was from Shanghai Wujin Chemicals (China). RPM, PMP, and PMC were collected from several provinces in China (Supplementary Table S1). These samples were authenticated by Chief Pharmacist Xiu-Feng Shi from Longhua Hospital. Voucher specimens were deposited in a light-absent and well-ventilated room.

Kong W.S., Zhou G., Xu L.W., Wang K., Feng Y.M., Tao L.Y., Xie R.F., Yang M, & Zhou X. (2022). Beware of the Potential Risks for Polygoni Multiflori Caulis-Induced Liver Injury. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 868327.

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Curcumin, Emodin, and MCT-based Formulations

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Curcumin (purity ≥ 98%), Emodin (purity ≥ 98%) and medium chain fatty acids (MCT) was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Company (Shanghai, China). Egg yolk lecithin, Tween 80, Sodium alginate and Chitosan was obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco (Waltham, USA). Penicillin/streptomycin was obtained from Sola Bioscience. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazole bromide (MTT), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was provided by Solarbio Science & Technology (Beijing, China). Dexosan sulfate sodium salt (DSS, MW 36,000–50,000) was purchased from Yeasen. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were purchased from Andygene (Guangzhou, China). All other chemical agents and solvents were analytical grade or above.
The preparation methods of simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated small intestine fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF) were as previously reported. Simply put, dissolve PBS to get buffer. Dilute hydrochloric acid was used to adjust PBS buffer to pH 1.2 to obtain SGF buffer. PBS buffer was adjusted by NaOH to pH 6.8 to obtain SIF buffer. The pH of PBS buffer was adjusted to 7.8 by NaOH to obtain the SCF buffer.

Lei F., Zeng F., Yu X., Deng Y., Zhang Z., Xu M., Ding N., Tian J, & Li C. (2023). Oral hydrogel nanoemulsion co-delivery system treats inflammatory bowel disease via anti-inflammatory and promoting intestinal mucosa repair. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 21, 275.

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