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5 protocols using anti glut4

1

Western Blot Analysis of GLUT4 and Trafficking Proteins

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Samples were thawed and combined with Laemmli sample buffer and heated to 65°C for 10 min prior to SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting. Blots were visualized using LICOR infra‐red fluorescence detection and quantified using company proprietary software. The antibodies used in this study were anti‐GLUT4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# PA1‐1065, RRID:AB_2191454), anti‐Sx16 (Synaptic Systems Cat# 110162, RRID:AB_887799), anti‐Sx4 (Synaptic Systems Cat# 110042, RRID:AB_887853), anti‐SNX1 (Proteintech Cat# 10304‐1‐AP, RRID:AB_2192217; the band at 70 kDa present in both 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes and skeletal muscle was quantified), anti‐SNX27 (Proteintech Cat# 16329‐1‐AP, RRID:AB_10888628), anti‐VPS35 (Proteintech Cat# 10236‐1‐AP, RRID:AB_2215216) and anti‐MAPK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc‐514,302, RRID:AB_2571739).
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2

Antibody Detection and Immunoblotting Protocols

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Anti-Syntaxin 4 was from Synaptic Systems (Germany; #235003 and 110042, RRID:AB_887853, respectively). Anti-GAPDH [#AM4300. RRID:AB_2536381], anti-GLUT4 [# PA1-1065, RRID:AB_2191454], Anti-EFR3A [#PA5-54694, RRID_AB:2640925] and anti-PI4K [#PA5-28570, RRID:AB-2546046] were from ThermoFisher (Renfrew, U.K.). Anti-EFR3 was from Sigma (Dorset U.K.; #HPA023092) and anti-PI4K-IIIα was from AbCam (Cambridge, U.K.; #111565). Anti-HA was from Covance (Suffolk, U.K.; mouse monoclonal MMS101P, RRID:AB_2314672) or from Roche (Wellwyn Garden City, U.K.; RRID:AB_2687407). The Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated Anti-HA antibody for dSTORM experiments was from Invitrogen (Renfrew, U.K.; mouse monoclonal #26183-A647, RRID:AB_2610626). Secondary antibodies were from LICOR Biosciences (Cambridge U.K.; donkey anti-rabbit: #925 68023, RRID:AB_2814907; goat anti-mouse #925 68070, RRID:AB_2651128; goat anti-mouse #926 32210, RRID:AB_621842 and goat anti-rat [for FACS] #A-21247, RRID:AB_141778).
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3

Adipocyte Differentiation and GLUT4 Trafficking

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HEK293T cells (Cat# CRL-3216 RRID:CVCL_0063) and 3T3-L1 fibroblasts (Cat# CCL-92.1, RRID:CVCL_0123) were obtained from the American Tissue Culture Collection and grown and differentiated into adipocytes as outlined in (Sadler et al., 2019 (link)). HeLa cells expressing HA-GLUT4-GFP were as described previously (Morris et al., 2020 (link)). AMPK α1/ α2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and control MEFs were cultured as described previously (Laderoute et al., 2006 (link)). Antibodies used: anti-GLUT4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# PA1-1065, RRID:AB_2191454), anti-Sx16 (Synaptic Systems Cat# 110 162, RRID:AB_887799), anti-mVps45 (Novus Cat# NB100-2431, RRID:AB_2272935), anti-VAMP4 (Synaptic Systems Cat# 136 002, RRID:AB_887816), anti-SNAP23 (Synaptic Systems Cat# 111 202, RRID:AB_887788) and anti-Syntaxin 4 (Synaptic Systems Cat# 110 042, RRID:AB_887853). A phospho-specific antibody raised in rabbits against the N-terminal 16 amino acids of murine Sx16 with Thr-7 chemically phosphorylated and recognizing Thr-7 in the Sx16 N-terminus only when phosphorylated, was generated by Antagene Inc (Mountain View, CA, USA) and purified using affinity chromatography. Anti-AKT (pan) (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 2920, RRID:AB_1147620) and anti-AKT Phospho-S473 (Cell Signaling Technology Cat#4058), RRID:AB_331168) were used as outlined (Bremner et al., 2022 (link)).
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4

Molecular Mechanisms of CDCA-Mediated Metabolic Regulation

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CDCA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany; CAT#: C9377); and both AlCl3 and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were purchased from Oxford Lab Chem (Mumbai, India).
Western blot antibody of pSer473-Akt was obtained from MyBioSource Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA; CAT#: MBS003071), whereas the remaining primary antibodies were obtained from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA); viz., anti-pSer307-IRS1 (CAT#: 44-813G), anti-T-Akt (CAT#: MA5-14916), anti-GLUT4 (CAT#: MA1-83191), anti-pSer133-CREB (CAT#: MA5-11192), anti-T-CREB (CAT#: MA1-083), anti-BACE1 (CAT#: MA1-177) and anti-β-Actin (CAT#: PA1-183).
Sources for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits are mentioned in brackets; Aβ42 (MyBioSource Inc.; CAT#: MBS726579), tissue insulin level (MyBioSource Inc.; CAT#: MBS724709), BDNF (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA; CAT#: ELR-BDNF), GLP-1 (RayBiotech; CAT#: EIAR-GLP1) and PPARγ (CUSABIO, Houston, TX, USA; CAT#: CSB-E08624r).
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5

Antibody Panel for Insulin Signaling

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Antibodies against Akt2 (catalog #3063) and HKII (catalog #2867) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti‐ GLUT4 (catalog #PA1‐1065; Thermo Fisher Scientific); Anti‐IR (kindly provided by Professor Ken Siddle, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK); anti‐TBC1D4 (catalog #189890, Abcam); anti‐AMPKα2 (catalog #SC‐19131, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); Anti‐GS (kindly provided by Professor Oluf Pedersen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark); anti‐PDH (custom made, Professor D.G. Hardie, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK).
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