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8 protocols using pro spc

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Rat Lung

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After dewaxing, rehydration and antigen retrieval, the paraffin-embedded rat lung sections were permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 for 30 minutes, and blocked with 3% BSA for another 30 minutes. The primary antibodies (proSP-C and α-SMA) used for immunofluorescence (IF) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 594 (Invitrogen) were used as secondary antibodies. The nuclei were stained for three minutes with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), which was procured from Invitrogen. For each sample, five random fields were randomly captured. The fluorescence density of α-SMA was quantified using the LAS3000 apparatus (Fujifilm, Raytest, Courbevoie, France).
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Tumorspheres

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KP tumorspheres were either stained in Matrigel or were paraffin-embedded, sectioned and stained as previously described (Huber et al., 2015 (link)). For Matrigel preparations, tumorspheres were fixed in 4% PFA for 40 min, washed 3×5 min, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 30 min then blocked in 4% BSA for 30–60 min. Staining was performed in blocking buffer with 0.05% Triton X-100 and washes were performed with 0.1% Triton X-100. Tumorspheres were imaged using a Leica SPE confocal microscope. The following antibodies were used for IF: BrdU (NeoMarkers, MS-1058-PO, BRD.3 1:200), cleaved caspase-3 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9661 1:300) pro-SPC (Abcam, ab170699: 1:200), CC10 (SantaCruz, 9772, 1:200) FoxJ1 (eBioscience, 14-9965-82, 2A5), RAGE (R&D, 175410, MAB1179, 1:100).
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lung Tissues

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Lung tissues were harvested, fixed with 4% PFA in PBS and frozen, or paraffin embedded, sectioned and further processed. Tissue preparations were blocked with donkey or goat serum and incubated with anti-αSMA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), SOX2, SOX9, TTF1, Endomucin, E-cadherin, HOPX (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), Pro-SPC and ADFP (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) followed by incubation with secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor-488, 595 or 647 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and counterstained with DAPI-containing mounting media. GFP signals were detected using a chicken polyclonal anti-GFP antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA). Data was analyzed by Imaris software, version 7.6.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Tissue homogenates were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 30 minutes at 4°C. Thirty micrograms of protein was separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, which were blocked with 5% TBST-milk at room temperature for 1 hour, incubated at 4°C overnight with primary antibody (α-SMA, rabbit polyclonal antibody, Abcam, UK; pro-SPC, rabbit polyclonal antibody, Abcam, UK; AKT, rabbit polyclonal antibody, CST, USA; p-AKT, rabbit polyclonal antibody, CST, USA; and β-actin, mouse monoclonal antibody, CMCTAG, USA) in 1% TBST-milk, and incubated for 1 hour with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (1 : 5000 dilution, goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody, Boster, China; 1 : 3000 dilution, goat anti-mouse IgG antibody, Millipore, USA). Protein bands were subsequently detected using enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL) reagents (Millipore, USA).
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5

Immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissue

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The lung prepared as described above was instilled with 1 ml 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS(+) and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 2 days at room temperature. The lung was embedded in 5% Seaplaque agarose (Lonza) or paraffin and then sectioned to 100 μm or 6 μm thickness, respectively, with a microslicer (DOSAKA EM). Paraffin sections were deparaffinized with xylene and ethanol and then rehydrated. The obtained sections were permeabilized with 0.5% TritonX-100 in PBS(+) for 1 h, stained with specific antibodies against HA (C102), FITC, ABCA3 (3C9), or Pro-SP-C (Abcam), followed by Alexa488-labeled or Alexa546-labeled secondary antibodies, and then mounted with ProLong Diamond reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific). All images were analyzed using LSM710 laser scanning confocal microscopy (Zeiss).
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6

Phenotypic characterization of hAE and hAMS cells

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hAE and hAMS cells were fixed immediately after isolation with 1% formaldehyde in PBS for 10 min. After two washing steps in 1% BSA (Sigma Aldrich, USA) in PBS, cells were either prior permeabilised for 20 min in Permeabilization Buffer (Affymetrix, USA) for intracellular staining or directly incubated with the respective primary antibodies for 45 min. Cells were washed and incubated with polyclonal Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit or Alexa Fluor RPE-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibodies (1:750, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) for 30 min. Isotype controls were incubated with rabbit and mouse IgG. After washing, cells were analysed on a flow cytometer (Cytoflex, Beckman Coulter, USA). SP-A, Oct-4 and pan-CK were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA) and were used in a dilution of 1:100, all the other antibodies (SP-B, pro-SP-C, ABCA3, SSEA-4) were purchased from Abcam (UK) and were diluted 1:250. Every incubation step was performed on ice.
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7

Murine Recombinant IL-4 Signaling Pathway

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Murine recombinant IL-4 was obtained from PeproTech (London, UK). Antibodies against collagen type I was purchased from EMD Millipore (Schwalbach, Germany). Antibodies against fibronectin, α-SMA, arginase-1, CD68, MBD2, and pro-SPC were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA), and antibodies against p-Smad2, p-Smad3, STAT6, P85, p-P85, and p-Akt (Thr308) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against MBD2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, p-Akt (Ser473), and p-STAT6 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-mouse F4/80-PerCP/Cy5.5 and CD206–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA), and CD11c–allophycocyanin (APC) were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Lipidoid (C12-200) was purchased from Xinjiahecheng Medical Chemistry Corporation (Wuhan, Hubei, China). mPEG2000-DEG was purchased from NOF Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). All other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA), unless otherwise stated.
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8

Immunohistochemistry of Lung Tissue

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Lung tissue sections from the patient obtained by open lung biopsy at 5 mo of age were prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Control lung tissue was resected for malignancy. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against proSP-C, SP-B, ABCA3 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), or proSP-B (Novocastra, Newcastle, UK), according to standard protocols (30) .
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