Sodium fluoride naf

5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (Lot number: HCL-KK08-04-1-1, purity; 99.8%) was obtained from Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd, (Tokyo, Japan). SFC was purchased from Komatsuya Corporation (Osaka, Japan). DL-Dithiothreitol, Oil Red O, sodium orthovanadate (Na₃VO₄), Tween 20, Eagle’s minimal essential medium (EMEM), and 100 × antibiotic antimycotic solution (ABAM) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium deoxycholate, l-ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n-hydrate, isopropanol, and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 4500 mg/L glucose (DMEM-high glucose) and 1000 mg/L glucose (DMEM-low glucose) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Calf bovine serum (CBS) were purchased from BioWest (Nuaillé, France) and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), respectively. Insulin (10 μg/mL human recombinant) was purchased from Life Technologies Japan (Tokyo, Japan). Halt Protease Inhibitor Cocktail was purchased from Thermo-Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). High-fat diet (HFD) (60 kcal% fat, D12492) was purchased from Research Diet Inc. (New Brunswick, NJ, USA).