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9 protocols using mops buffer

1

Quantifying Protein Levels in Macrophages and Fibroblasts

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Immunoblotting was used to quantify the protein levels in peritoneal macrophages and cardiac fibroblast. The samples were resolved on criterion XT bis-tris 4–12% 18 well (Bio-Rad Inc. Hercules, California) gel and MOPs Buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California). The kaleidoscope precision plus standard (Bio-Rad) was used to determine the molecular weight of the protein for immunoblotting, 10–15 μg of protein lysate per sample was denatured and resolved by using criterion XT bis-tris 4–12% 18-gel (Bio-Rad I, Hercules, California.) gel in MOPs Buffer (Bio-Rad)., then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California), and blocked with 5% nonfat milk. The membrane was probed with COX-2 (1:1000) and 5LOX (1:200) overnight at 4˚C, followed by secondary antibody (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California). The proteins were detected using the Femto chemiluminescence detection system (Pierce Chemical, Rockford, IL). Densitometry was performed using Image J software (NIH, USA).
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2

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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LV infarct tissues were weighted and placed in their respective 1.5 mL tubes with 16 μl of 1xPBS (without calcium, Invitrogen) and 1x proteinase inhibitor (Roche Diagnostics). While at 4°C, the samples were dis-membrated in short, 10 second intervals using a sonic dismembrator until homogenous, then centrifuged at maximum speed (14,000 rpm). The supernatant was used as the soluble protein fraction. The kidney protein was extracted using RIPA buffer. Total protein determined with Bradford assay. Electrophoresis of 10 μg of protein from each tissue with XT bis-tris-4-12% gel (Bio-Rad Inc.) in MOPS buffer (Bio-Rad) was performed. Samples were then transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad Inc.) and a total protein stain was performed with Pierce reversible protein stain, nitrocellulose membrane kit (Thermo Scientific Inc.). Each membrane was blocked for 1 hour at room temperature with 5% non-fat milk powder (Bio-Rad) dissolved in PBS-T and probed with primary antibodies. Primary antibodies (FPR2/ALX 1:1000; Ccl2 1:5000; arg-1 1:5000, GPR40 1:1000; 5LOX 1:1000) were probed overnight at 4°C, subsequently washed with PBS-T, and a secondary antibody was applied (Biorad). Proteins were detected using Femto chemiluminescence detection system. Densitometry of protein blots were assessed with ImageJ software (NIH, USA).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Rat Colonocytes

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Isolated rat colonocytes were lysed in RIPA buffer containing a protease inhibitors cocktail (Roche). Total protein extracts (30 μg) were loaded into 4–12% Criterion XT gel (Bio-Rad) before electrophoresis in MOPS buffer (Bio-Rad). After transfer on nitrocellulose membrane and incubation in blocking solution (TBS pH 7.5, 0.05% Tween 20 and 5% (weight:volume) BSA, membranes were incubated overnight (4 °C) with a primary antibody directed against activated-caspase 3 (Abcam 2303, rabbit, 1/1000) or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, Abcam 29, mouse, 1/1000) or claudin-1 (Invitrogen, 717800, rabbit, 1/250) diluted in the blocking solution. After washes, blots were incubated for 2 h at room temperature with an anti-rabbit or anti-mouse HRP-linked secondary antibody (Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, 1/5000) or a goat anti-actin-HRP (Santacruz Biotechnologies C-11, 1/1000) diluted in the blocking solution. After 3 washes, detection was performed by chemiluminescence using Clarity Western ECL substrate (Biorad) and the FluorChemFC2 device with AlphaView software (Cell Biosciences).
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4

SDS-PAGE analysis of 35S-labeled macromolecules

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Samples of macromolecules (normally 15-20.000 cpm) metabolically labelled with 35S-sulfate were added SDS sample buffer (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) and reducing agent (XT, BioRad), heated at 96°C for 3 min and loaded onto 4-12 % Criterion-XT gradient gels (BioRad) and run in MOPS buffer (BioRad). The gels were fixed for 30 min and treated with Amplify (GE Healthcare), dried, and exposed to PhosphorImager screens and subjected to imaging in a Typhoon 9400 (GE Healthcare), followed by quantitation with ImageQuant TL v2003.02 (GE Healthcare). Some samples were subjected to selective degradation of HS chains by combined Heparitinase (hep) I, II, and III (Grampian Enzyme, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK) or CS/DS chains by cABC (chondroitinase ABC; EC 4.2.2.4, Amsbio, Abingdon, UK) as described (18 (link)) and loaded onto the gels next to untreated control samples.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Tight Junction Proteins

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Frozen colonic tissue was homogenized in a lysis buffer [15 (link)], and 25 µg of total protein lysates were loaded onto 4%–12% Criterion XT gel (Bio-Rad, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) before electrophoresis in MOPS buffer (Bio-Rad, Marnes-La-Coquette, France). After transfer onto nitrocellulose membrane and incubation in blocking solution (TBS pH 7.5, 0.05% Tween 20, and 5% (wt/vol) non-fat dry milk), membranes were incubated overnight (4 °C) with rabbit ZO-1 antibody (1/250, 617300, Invitrogen, Cergy Pontoise, France) or with mouse claudin-1 antibody (1/250, 374900, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Bedford, MA, USA) diluted in blocking solution. After three washes, blots were incubated for 2 h at room temperature with an anti-rabbit or anti-mouse HRP-linked secondary antibody. Revealing was performed using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL system, Pierce Biotechnology, Courtabœuf, France), and bands were quantified by densitometry using the FluorChem FC2 device and the AlphaView software (Cell Biosciences, Santa Clara, CA, USA). GAPDH expression (Ab9484, mouse monoclonal antibody, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) was used to ensure consistent protein loading and transferring.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Tagged PfVAP1

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For the detection of tagged PfVAP1, IE were collected and saponin-lysed. Parasites were washed three times in PBS containing protease inhibitors and the pellet resuspended to obtain 106 IE μl−1. Samples were run on 10% Tris-Bis gels (BioRad) in MOPS Buffer (BioRad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (iBlot, Life Technologies). Membranes were blocked in 5% milk/0.05% tween 20 (Promega) in PBS (PBS/milk/tween) for 30 min at room temperature and incubated overnight with either mouse anti-Ty1 (1:100) or rabbit anti-HA (1:250). Following three washes with PBS/milk/tween, alkaline phosphate-conjugated secondary antibodies were added for 1 h at room temperature.
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Inflammatory Mediators

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Electrophoresis of 10 µg of LVI protein were performed using criterion XT bis-tris 4–12 % gel (Bio-Rad Inc.) in MOPs Buffer (Bio-Rad) and transferred on nitrocellulose membrane (BioRad Inc.). The total protein stain was acquired using pierce reversible protein stain, nitrocellulose membranes kit (Thermo Scientific Inc.). The membrane was blocked for 1 hr at room temperature, using 5% non-fat milk powder (Bio-Rad) dissolved in TPBS and probed with primary antibody [COX-2 1:1000, COX-1 1:1000, 5-LOX 1:200 (abcam) and ALX/FPR2 1:500 (Santa cruz)] overnight at 4°C followed by secondary antibody (Biorad). The proteins were detected using the femto chemiluminescence detection system (Pierce Chemical, Rockford, IL, USA). Densitometry was performed using Image J software (NIH, USA).
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8

Fab Fragment Characterization

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Fab (3 μg/lane) was loaded on
a 4%–12% Bis-Tris precast gel (Biorad) in nonreducing conditions
and run at 120 V in a 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer
(Biorad). Bands were visualized with Imperial Protein Stain (Thermo
Fisher Scientific), and the size of the fragments was evaluated by
running a protein standard ladder (Biorad). The Fab bands were cut
and reduced by 10 mM TCEP at 37 °C and then alkylated in 40 mM
IAA at RT in the dark, followed by alkylation in 40 mM IAA at RT in
the dark. The Fab bands were digested by trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin,
and alpha lytic protease at 37 °C overnight in a 50 mM ammonium
bicarbonate buffer. The peptides were extracted with two steps of
incubation at RT in 50% ACN and 0.01% TFA, and then 100% ACN, respectively.
The peptides were dried in speed-vac. To obtain the sequence of the
glycosylated Fab, the N-linked glycan was removed by PNGaseF at 37
°C overnight and then in gel digested as described above.
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9

Quantitative Immunoblot Analysis of Mitochondrial Proteins

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Equal amounts of 50 µg or 100 µg of mitochondrial protein from wild type and deficient mice were separated by 10% Bis–Tris SDS polyacrylamide gels in MOPS buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Separated proteins were transferred to 0.2 µm nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad) using a TE Series Transphore Electrophoresis Unit (Hoefer Scientific Instruments, Holliston, MA). The membrane was immunoblotted with desired antibodies. Primary antibodies used were SCAD [22 (link),23 (link)], Complex III subunit core 2 (Mitoscience, Eugene, OR), SCP2, and HSP60 (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA). In each gel, SDH (Complex II) antibody (Santa Cruz Biotech) was used as a loading control. The secondary antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase included rabbit anti-goat IgG or anti-mouse IgG (Santa Cruz Biotech) was chosen according to the primary antibody used. Bound secondary antibody was detected with western blotting Luminol Reagent (Santa Cruz Biotech) and scanned using Fujifilm LAS-3000 (Fujifilm Medical Systems, Stamford, CT). Band intensity was quantitated from a scanned blot image using ImageJ software v1.46 (imagej.nih.gov).
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