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Staphylococcus aureus mrsa

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Staphylococcus aureus MRSA is a bacterium commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to many antibiotics, including methicillin. This strain is often used for research and testing purposes related to antimicrobial resistance and the development of new treatment methods.

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6 protocols using staphylococcus aureus mrsa

1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial and Fungal Strains

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Fourteen bacterial strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Molsheim, France), the Pasteur Institute Collection (CIP; Paris, France), or from clinical samples (Escherichia coli UTI89 and extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase positive [ESBL]) were tested. There were four Gram‐positive strains: Streptococcus pyogenes CIP 5641T, Streptococcus pneumoniae CIP 104471, Listeria monocytogenes CIP 82110T, and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 33591; and ten Gram‐negative strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 103467, Proteus mirabilis CIP 103181T, Escherichia coli ESBL, Escherichia coli UTI 89, Klebsiella pneumoniae CIP 8291T, Salmonella typhimurium CIP 6062T, Yersinia enterocolitica CIP 8027T, Bacteriodes fragilis ATCC 25285, Haemophilus influenza IP 102514, and Branhamella catarrhalis CIP 7321T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 103467, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 3359, and Escherichia coli ESBL were selected for their marked natural or acquired resistance to antibiotics.
The following six fungal strains were tested as follows: Candida albicans DSM 1386, Candida glabatra DSM 11226, Candida tropicalis IP 2148.93, Candida albicans F26, Candida albicans F35, and Candida albicans F78. Two were from Deutsche Sammlung von Mikrooganismen und Zellkulturen (DSM), one from the Pasteur Institute (IP), and three were clinical isolates (F).
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2

Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation Protocol

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β-Hemolytic Streptococcus group A PCM 465, Streptococcus group G and Corynebacterium diphtheriae came from Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology of Medical University of Gdańsk collection, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC43300, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC14990, Enterococcus hirae ATCC10541, Escherichia coli ATCC8739 and Candida albicans ATCC10231 were obtained from the ATCC collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).
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3

Antimicrobial Evaluation of Synthesized Compounds

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The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed against 11 microbial strains: 5 Gram-negative, Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATTC) 25922, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (wild-type strain isolated from clinical sample), Acinetobacter baumannii (wild-type strain isolated from clinical sample), and 6 Gram-positive, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus MSSA (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus aureus MLSB of inducible phenotype with resistance to macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B antibiotics (wild-type strain isolated from clinical sample), Micrococcus luteus Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM) 1944, Streptococcus mutans (wild-type strain isolated from dental plaque). Bacterial strains were cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI, Oxoid) medium at 37 °C for 24 h. After incubation, microbial suspension was diluted with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to 108 CFU/mL (turbidity = McFarland barium sulfate standard 0.5).
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4

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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The strains Escherichia. coli (ATCC 25922), Klebisella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus MSSA (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (ATCC 43300), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615) and Candida Albicans (ATCC 13883) were provided by Remel Microbiology (Thermo Fisher). The cells were grown in Müller-Hinton broth II (MHB; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) containing 2g/l beef infusion solids, 17.5 g/l casein hydrolysate, 1.5 g/l starch. The final pH was adjusted to 7.4.
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5

Bacterial Strains Used in Study

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Ten bacterial strains used in this study were obtained from Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center. E. coli MDR was a generous gift from Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 35 150), E. coli (ATCC 8739), E. coli MDR, Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14 028), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13 883), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 17 978), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10 145), and Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 13 047) were used as representative gram‐negative bacteria. The Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 19 434), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 923), and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (ATCC 43 300) were used as representative gram‐positive bacteria. All strains were cultured in nutrient broth (NB) medium at 37 °C with shaking at 180 rpm before use.
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6

Microbial Strains Characterization Protocol

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All microbes used in this work were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA): E. coli (ATCC-15597), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC-14990), Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach (ATCC-12600), Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (ATCC-BAA1754), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (ATCC-10145), and Candida albicans (ATCC-18804). All strains were incubated at 37 °C at 150 rpm until a midexponential phase was acquired to harvest the cells by centrifugation at 3800 × g for 8 min. E. coli was grown on a Luria-Bertani (LB) broth; S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus Rosenbach were grown on nutrient broth; S. aureus (MRSA) was grown on a TSB; and C. albicans was grown on a yeast mold broth. These initial cultures were then adjusted to an optical density of 1 at 600 nm and had an initial total cell number ranging from 1 × 107 cells per mL to 1 × 108 cells per mL, as confirmed by plate counting.
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