Fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PYR), chrysene (CHR), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-nitroFluoranthene (3NF), 1,6-dinitropyrene (1,6DNP), and 6-nitrochrysene (6NC) were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT). 1-nitropyrene (1NP) and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6NBaP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All analytes were purchased as neat standards. Deuterated analytes, used as surrogates, (acenaphthene-d10, Fluoranthene-d10, pyrene-d10, benzo[a]pyrene-d12, 2-nitrofluorene-d9, 9-nitroanthracene-d9, 3-nitroFluoranthene-d9, 1-nitropyrene-d9, 6-nitrochrysene-d9) were purchased from CDN Isotopes (Point-Claire, Quebec, Canada) and Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA). Anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethyl acetate and hexane were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Santa Clara, CA). Flat-bottom 300 μL total volume pre-sterilized Falcon® labware polystyrene tissue culture plates were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA) and were not cleaned prior to use.
Fluoranthene
Manufactured by AccuStandard
Sourced in United States
Fluoranthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) used as a chemical standard in analytical laboratories. It is a solid compound at room temperature with a specific molecular structure and physical properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Chrysene, by AccuStandard (4 mentions)
Anthracene, by AccuStandard (4 mentions)
Fluorene, by AccuStandard (4 mentions)
Phenanthrene, by AccuStandard (4 mentions)
Benzo b fluoranthene, by AccuStandard (4 mentions)
Benzo k fluoranthene, by AccuStandard (4 mentions)
Benzo a pyrene, by AccuStandard (3 mentions)
Naphthalene, by AccuStandard (3 mentions)
Acenaphthylene, by AccuStandard (3 mentions)
Acenaphthene, by AccuStandard (3 mentions)
Indeno 1 2 3 c d pyrene, by AccuStandard (3 mentions)
Benz a anthracene, by AccuStandard (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benzo a pyrene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pyrene, by AccuStandard (2 mentions)
Hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
6 nitrochrysene, by AccuStandard (1 mentions)
Anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide dmso, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Forskolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using fluoranthene
1
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Standards
2
Quantitative Analysis of PAHs and Metals
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PAH standards, including 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene and indeo(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, were purchased from AccuStandard Inc. (USA). phenanthrene-d10 (1000 mg/L in dichloromethane) was purchased from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies Inc. (Shanghai) as internal standard for PAHs’ determination. Internal standard was added for quantification before instrumental analysis. Standard solutions of 14 PAHs with different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ng/mL) were prepared with dichloromethane to construct calibration curves. Stock standard solutions of Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni at concentrations of 1000 mg/L were purchased from Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd. Standard solutions of five metallic elements with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/L) were prepared with 2% nitric acid to construct calibration curves.
3
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis
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For the experiments performed in the United States, fluoranthene (Flthn; purity 97.2%) was purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; purity ≥ 96%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Lucifer yellow from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1-methylanthracene (1-MeA; purity 99.5%) from Crescent Chemical (Islandia, NY, USA). All PAH stock solutions and forskolin (Sigma-Aldrich) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, Sigma-Aldrich) stock solutions were prepared in DMSO.
For the experiments performed in Germany, benzo[a]pyrene (99.9% purity) was purchased at Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany), fluoranthene (98.6% purity) from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA), and 1-methylanthracene (97.71% purity) from LGC Standards (Wesel, Germany). B[a]P-tetrol I-1 was purchased from Dr. Albrecht Seidel (BIU—Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Großhansdorf, Germany). The DNA adduct studies and cytochrome p450 studies were all conducted in Germany. All other studies were completed at the University of Colorado Anschutz.
For the experiments performed in Germany, benzo[a]pyrene (99.9% purity) was purchased at Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany), fluoranthene (98.6% purity) from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA), and 1-methylanthracene (97.71% purity) from LGC Standards (Wesel, Germany). B[a]P-tetrol I-1 was purchased from Dr. Albrecht Seidel (BIU—Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Großhansdorf, Germany). The DNA adduct studies and cytochrome p450 studies were all conducted in Germany. All other studies were completed at the University of Colorado Anschutz.
4
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis
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Reagents mainly included anhydrous sodium sulfate (purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory, Chengdu, China) and dichloromethane at chromatographic-grade purity (provided by Waters Company, Milford, MA, USA). The 16PAHs in a standard (made by AccuStandard Inc., New Haven, CT, USA) were Naphthalene (NAP), Acenaphthylene (ACY), Acenaphthene (ACE), Fluorene (FLU), Phenanthrene (PHE), Anthracene (ANT), Fluoranthene (FLA), Pyrene (PYR), Benzo(a)Anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (CHR), Benzo(b)Fluoranthene (BbF), Benzo(k)Fluoranthene (BkF), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP), Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)Pyrene (InP), Dibenzo(a, h)Anthracene (DBA), and Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BgP). Extraction kits for QuEChERS were procured from Agilent Technologies Inc. (Santa Clara, CA, USA) and had the following composition: 150 mg C18, 50 mg PSA, and 900 mg Na2SO4.
5
PAHs Quantification Using HPLC
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A standard mixture containing 16 PAHs: naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthylene (ACY), acenaphthene (ACE), fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PYR), benz(а)anthracene (BаA), chrysene (CHR), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(а)pyrsne (BаP), indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (InP), dibenz(а, h)anthracene (DBA), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BgP), was purchased from AccuStandard Inc. (New Haven, CT, USA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) grade dichloromethane was purchased from Waters Company (Milford, MA, USA). The other reagents were all analytical grade. QuEChERS extraction kits containing 50 mg C18, 150 mg PSA and 900 mg Na2SO4 were provided by Agilent Technologies Inc. (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Milli-Q water was used to perform the analytical procedures.
6
Certified PAHs Standard Solution Protocol
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A certified solution of 16 USEPA priority PAHs with a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml for each, containing naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Fle), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), benz(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DahA), indeno(1,2,3‐cd)pyrene (IcdP), and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP), was obtained from AccuStandard (New Haven, USA). In the present study, all solvents and reagents were of HPLC grade and analytical grade, respectively. Acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, n‐hexane, and dichloromethane were all obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was produced by a Milli‐Q purification water system (Millipore Co., USA).
7
Cytotoxicity Assay for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in C10 Cells
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Fluoranthene (Flthn; purity 97.2%) was purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; purity ≥ 96%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1-methylanthracene (1-MeA; purity 99.5%) from Crescent Chemical (Islandia, NY, USA). Chemical structures for these PAHs are depicted in Fig. 1 a, b. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Lucifer Yellow were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All PAH stock solutions for treatment were prepared in DMSO. B[a]P-tetrol I-1 was obtained from the Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Großhansdorf, Germany.
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Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a LMW binary PAH mixture [1-methylanthracene (1-MeA) and Fluoranthene (Flthn)], and combinations of the two are not cytotoxic to C10 cells.
8
Inflammatory Pathway Inhibition Assay
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Parthenolide (pan-inflammation inhibitor: NFκB, AP-1, and NALP3 inflammasome pathway inhibitor) and ACHP (NFκB specific inhibitor) were purchased from TOCRIS (0610, 4547, Bristol, UK). Indomethacin (COX1/2 inhibitor) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (I7378, St. Louis, MO, USA). CLI-095 (TLR4 inhibitor) was purchased from InvivoGen (tlrl-cli95, San Diego, CA, USA). Fluoranthene was obtained from AccuStandard (H-118N, purity 97.2%, New Haven, CT, USA) and 1-methylanthracene from Crescent Chemical (DRE-C20834900, purity 99.5%, Islandia, NY, USA). Glyburide (Glybenclamide; NLRP3 inhibitor) was purchased from Novus (NBP2-30141, Centennial, CO, USA). All inhibitors and PAH were dissolved in DMSO (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), as done previously [36 (link),37 (link),40 (link)]. Recombinant mouse TNF-alpha (rTNF) was purchased from R&D systems (410-MT, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
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