Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured using a pressure algometer (FDK20, Wagner Instruments, Greenwich, CT, USA) with a range between 2 and 20 kg. The algometer had a rubber tip with a contact area of 1 cm2. The algometer was pressed to the skin with an increasing ramp of 0.5 kg/s, and the patient was asked to respond verbally as soon as the pressure became painful. This procedure was performed three times.
Fdk 20
Manufactured by Wagner Instruments
Sourced in United States
The FDK 20 is a laboratory equipment product designed for general-purpose use. It serves as a fundamental device for various applications within the laboratory setting. The core function of the FDK 20 is to perform essential tasks as required by the user.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using fdk 20
1
Pressure Pain Threshold Measurement
2
Quantitative Sensory Testing for Pain Assessment
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The QST was performed pre- and postoperatively by a single investigator. Patients were not distracted during the testing and were given clear and identical instructions. The thermal tests were performed using a Sensory Analyzer TSA-II (Medoc, Israel). Cold and warm detection thresholds were measured first (CDT, WDT) then cold pain and heat pain thresholds (CPT, HPT). The mechanical detection threshold (MDT) was measured with a standardized set of modified von Frey hairs (Somedic, Schweden) that exert forces upon bending between 0.25 and 512 mN. The vibration detection threshold (VDT) was performed with a Rydel-Seifer tuning fork (64 Hz, 8/8 scale). The mechanical pain threshold (MPT) was measured by a custom made pinprick set with forces from 8 to 512 mN. Mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS) was assessed using the same pinprick stimuli to obtain a stimulus response function for pinprick evoked pain. A pressure gauge device (FDK 20, Wagner Instruments, USA) was used to measure the pressure pain threshold (PPT) [14 (link), 15 (link)].
3
Comprehensive Sensory Evaluation Protocol
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The QST was performed pre-and postoperatively by a single investigator. Bilateral evaluation of the test (TS) and control side (CS) was conducted. Patients were not distracted during the testing and were given clear and identical instructions. An infra-red thermometer was used to assess skin temperature before the testing. The thermal tests were performed using a Sensory Analyzer TSA-II (Medoc, Israel). Cold and warm detection thresholds were measured first (CDT, WDT), then cold pain and heat pain thresholds (CPT and HPT). The mechanical detection threshold (MDT) was measured with a standardized set of modified von Frey hairs (Somedic, Sweden) that exert forces upon bending between 0.25 and 512 mN. The vibration detection threshold (VDT) was performed with a Rydel-Seifer tuning fork (64 Hz, 8/8 scale). The mechanical pain threshold (MPT) was measured by a custom made pinprick set with forces from 8 to 512 mN. Mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS) was assessed using the same pinprick stimuli to obtain a stimulus response function for pinprick evoked pain. Subjects were asked to give a pain rating for each stimulus on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS; ''0'' indicating ''no pain'' and ''10'' indicating the ''most intense pain imaginable''). A pressure gauge device (FDK 20, Wagner Instruments, USA) was used to measure the pressure pain threshold (PPT) [12, 13] .
4
Multimodal Sensory Evaluation Protocol
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The QST was performed pre-and postoperatively by a single investigator. The thermal tests were performed using a Sensory Analyzer TSA-II (Medoc, Israel). Cold and warm detection thresholds were measured first (CDT, WDT), then cold pain and heat pain thresholds (CPT, HPT). The mechanical detection threshold (MDT) was measured with a standardised set of modified von Frey hairs (Somedic, Sweden) that exert forces upon bending between 0.25 and 512 mN. The vibration detection threshold (VDT) was performed with a Rydel-Seifer tuning fork (64 Hz, 8/8 scale). The mechanical pain threshold (MPT) was measured by a custom made pinprick set with forces from 8 to 512 mN. Mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS) was assessed using the same pinprick stimuli to obtain a stimulus response function for pinprick evoked pain. Subjects were asked to give a pain rating for each stimulus on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS ''0'' indicating ''no pain'' and ''10'' indicating the ''most intense pain imaginable''). A pressure gauge device (FDK 20, Wagner Instruments, USA) was used to measure the pressure pain threshold (PPT) [21, 22] .
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