FDG-PET/CT was performed using a Discovery MI scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI), Discovery 690 Standard scanner (GE Healthcare), Discovery VCT scanner (GE Healthcare), or Discovery ST scanner (GE Healthcare). FDG-PET/MR was performed using a 3 T PET/MR scanner (Signa PET/MR, GE Healthcare). According to our institution’s protocol, a standardized dose of 3.5 MBq of [18F]FDG per kg body weight (PET/CT) or 3.0 MBq per kg body weight (PET/MR) was injected until 2017, and from 2017 on, BMI-adapted body weight–dependent dosage protocols were used24 (link). The CT included of a standardized protocol of high-resolution axial volume acquisition (0.6–1.0 mm) with reconstructions in the coronal and sagittal plane in the bone and soft tissue kernel with contrast enhancement of the sinonasal and neck region. For the sinonasal and neck MR, dedicated regionalized T2-weighted and T1-weighted pulse sequences with and without gadolinium-based contrast agent and with and without fat suppression were used23 (link).
Discovery mi scanner
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
The Discovery MI scanner is a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging system developed by GE Healthcare. It is designed to provide high-quality, three-dimensional images of the body's internal structures and functions. The scanner uses specialized detectors and computer algorithms to capture and analyze the distribution of radioactive tracer materials within the patient's body, allowing healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions.
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Lab products found in correlation
Discovery st scanner, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions)
Discovery vct scanner, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions)
Discovery 690 standard scanner, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions)
Signa pet mr, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Discovery st pet ct, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Biograph mct flow, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Discovery 600 scanner, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
3t signa pet mr scanner, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Biograph mct pet ct scanner, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Neuromarq, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
12 protocols using discovery mi scanner
1
Standardized FDG-PET/CT and PET/MR Protocols
2
Standardized Tau-PET Imaging Protocol
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Detailed PET scanning procedures have been described previously.21 (link),24 (link),25 (link) Briefly, tau-PET scanning was performed using 18F-RO948 on a digital Discovery MI scanner (GE Healthcare). Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images were created using the 70–90 min post-injection interval and the inferior cerebellar cortex as reference region.21 (link),22 (link),26 (link) Each tau-PET SUVR image was rigidly co-reregistered to a high-resolution T1- weighted MRI (Siemens3 T MAGNETOM Prisma) scan, performed a maximum of 6 months from the tau-PET scan. FreeSurfer (v.6.0, https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/ ) parcellation of the T1-weighted MRI scan (see the 'MRI' section) was applied to the PET data to extract mean regional SUVR values that were used in region of interest analyses. We additionally obtained voxel-wise SUVRs by normalizing the MRI scans to MNI space using a standard statistical parametric mapping (SPM)12-based pipeline27 and then using the deformation fields calculated for normalization of the MRI scans to MNI space to also normalize the tau-PET SUVR images.
3
11C-PIB PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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After a respiration-averaged low-dose CT scan, a 35-minute dynamic emission scan of the heart was started simultaneously with intravenous bolus injection of 11C-PIB (5 MBq/kg) on a Discovery ST PET/CT (subject 1-6) or Discovery MI scanner (subject 7-8) (GE Healthcare). Recovery was matched in the two scanners based on previous measurements with a NEMA image quality phantom. Imaging was performed in 3D-mode. All appropriate corrections for normalization, dead time, decay, scatter, randoms and attenuation were applied. Images were reconstructed into 31 frames (12×5, 6×10, 4×30, 2×60, 2×120 and 5×300 seconds) using ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) with 2 iterations and 21 subsets (Discovery ST) or time-of-flight OSEM with 3 iterations and 16 subsets (Discovery MI) and a 5 mm gaussian post-filter. Images consisted of 128×128 voxels, with dimensions of 2.34×2.34×3.27 mm (Discovery ST) and 2.34×2.34×2.79 mm (Discovery MI), and a spatial resolution of approximately 7 mm.
4
PSMA-PET/CT Imaging Protocols
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PSMA-PET/CT was performed using a Discovery MI scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI), Discovery 690 Standard scanner (GE Healthcare), Discovery VCT scanner (GE Healthcare), Discovery ST scanner (GE Healthcare), or Siemens Biograph mCT Flow (Siemens Healthineers, Munich, Germany). The injected dose was 3–4 MBq/kg for [18F]F-PSMA-1007 and 2–3 MBq/kg for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 at both centers. The maximum injected dose was not more than 350 MBq. The uptake time was 60 min for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 90 min for [18F]F-PSMA-1007 at both centers.
5
Amyloid PET and CSF Aβ Measurements
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In the BioFINDER‐2 study, amyloid PET was performed using [18F]flutemetamol on a digital Discovery MI scanner (GE Healthcare). SUVR images were created for the 90–110 min post‐injection interval using the pons as reference region. In ADNI, amyloid PET was performed using [18F]florbetapir (n = 221, 50–70 min post‐injection, whole cerebellum reference region) or [18F]florbetaben (n = 150, 90–110 min post‐injection, whole cerebellum reference region) on multiple PET scanners. SUVR values were re‐scaled onto the Centiloid scale (for [18F]florbetapir: [196.9 * SUVR] – 196.03, for [18F]florbetaben: [159.08 * SUVR] – 151.65) (Klunk et al, 2015 (link)) to enable pooled analysis. For BioFINDER‐2 and ADNI, the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio was determined using the MSD platform (Meso Scale Discovery) and Elecsys immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics, Basel), respectively.
6
Tau Deposition Assessment in Alzheimer's Disease
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[18F]RO948-PET was performed on a digital GE Discovery MI scanner, 70–90 min post-injection. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images were created using the inferior cerebellar cortex as reference region19 (link). Complete PET details are described elsewhere20 (link).
In order to capture brain areas affected by tau deposition over the course of AD, three composite FreeSurfer-based regions-of-interest (ROI) were created according to the Braak tau pathology staging scheme21 (link). These include region I-II (the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus), region III-IV (parahippocampal cortices, fusiform cortices, amygdala, as well as the inferior and the middle temporal cortices), and region V-VI (widespread neocortical areas)22 (link). In a secondary analysis, regional associations between MBI-C total scores and [18F]RO948 SUVR were assessed using voxel-wise multiple regression models, including age, sex, education, and white matter volume as covariates, as implemented in SPM12 (https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/ ).
In order to capture brain areas affected by tau deposition over the course of AD, three composite FreeSurfer-based regions-of-interest (ROI) were created according to the Braak tau pathology staging scheme21 (link). These include region I-II (the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus), region III-IV (parahippocampal cortices, fusiform cortices, amygdala, as well as the inferior and the middle temporal cortices), and region V-VI (widespread neocortical areas)22 (link). In a secondary analysis, regional associations between MBI-C total scores and [18F]RO948 SUVR were assessed using voxel-wise multiple regression models, including age, sex, education, and white matter volume as covariates, as implemented in SPM12 (
7
Dual-Time Point PET/CT Imaging of Ovarian and Breast Cancers
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Two patients were imaged with 2 different PET/CT scanners at Stanford. The ovarian cancer patient was imaged with a GE Discovery 600 scanner (14 minutes per scan), while the breast cancer patient was imaged with a GE Discovery MI scanner (18 minutes per scan). Participants were scanned with a low-dose attenuation correction CT scan (ACCT) followed by vertex to toes PET emission scan at 1hour (Scan #1) post-injection (p.i). After 24 hours p.i. patients received a second low-dose ACCT scan and a second vertex to toes PET emission scan (Scan #2). ACCT scan was performed with 120 kV and 10 mA. Whole body scans were analyzed using MIM Software (MIM, Cleveland, OH) and they were independently reviewed by 2 board certified nuclear medicine physicians.
8
Multimodal Imaging of Sinonasal Pathologies
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FDG‐PET/CT was acquired using a Discovery VCT scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI), a Discovery 690 Standard scanner (GE Healthcare), a Discovery MI scanner (GE Healthcare), a Discovery ST scanner (GE Healthcare), or a Discovery LS scanner (GE Healthcare). FDG‐PET/MRI was performed using a 3T SIGNA PET/MR scanner (GE Healthcare). A standardized dose of 3.5 MBq of FDG per kg body weight (PET/CT) or 3.0 MBq per kg body weight (PET/MRI) was injected, from 2017 on. BMI‐adapted body weight‐dependent dosage protocols were used.22 For attenuation correction in PET/MRI, standard Dixon‐based maps were used. Computed tomography (CT) consisted of a standardized protocol of high‐resolution axial volume acquisition (0.6–1.0 mm) with reconstructions in coronal and sagittal planes in bone and soft tissue kernel, with and without contrast‐enhancement. For the sinonasal/neck MRI dedicated regionalized T2‐weighted and T1‐weighted MR pulse sequences with and without gadolinium‐based contrast agent were used.
9
Radiosynthesis and PET Imaging of [68Ga]FAPI-46
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[ 68 Ga]FAPI-46 was radiosynthesized at the Karolinska Radiopharmacy facilities on an Eckert & Ziegler Modular-Lab PharmTracer synthesis module, using 68 GaCl 3 eluate from a 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generator, as earlier described (21) . FAPI-46 precursor was acquired from Sofie Biosciences. The amount of radioactivity injected depended on labeling yield and patient weight (4.0 MBq/kg if possible; minimum, 50 MBq; maximum, 370 MBq). Whole-body scanning was performed 1 h after injection, previously shown to be a suitable time point for tumor imaging with [ 68 Ga]FAPI-46 (18, (22) (23) (24) . A Biograph mCT PET/CT scanner (Siemens) and a Discovery MI scanner (GE Healthcare) were used.
Preceded by a low-dose non-CECT scan for attenuation correction, PET images were acquired from vertex to mid thigh (4 min/bed position). The obtained emission data were corrected for scatter, randoms, and decay and were reconstructed with an ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithm. The reconstruction parameters were carefully designed to ensure equivalent (within 610% variation) SUV and contrast in a PET body phantom with spheres. Finally, diagnostic CECT was performed for anatomic correlation of PET findings and diagnostic-quality image fusion.
Preceded by a low-dose non-CECT scan for attenuation correction, PET images were acquired from vertex to mid thigh (4 min/bed position). The obtained emission data were corrected for scatter, randoms, and decay and were reconstructed with an ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithm. The reconstruction parameters were carefully designed to ensure equivalent (within 610% variation) SUV and contrast in a PET body phantom with spheres. Finally, diagnostic CECT was performed for anatomic correlation of PET findings and diagnostic-quality image fusion.
10
Multimodal PET Imaging of Amyloid-β
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Participants underwent 18F-flutemetamol PET and 18F-RO948 PET on Discovery MI scanners (GE healthcare). 18F-flutemetamol PET images were acquired 90 to 110 min after injection of 185 MBq 18F-flutemetamol, whereas 18F-RO948 PET images were acquired 70 to 90 min after injection of 370 MBq 18F-RO948. Pre-processing and generation of standardized uptake value ratio (SUVRs) maps were carried out as previously described.32 (link),33 (link)18F-Flutemetamol scans were normalized using the Pons as reference region, whereas 18F-RO948 images were referenced to the inferior cerebellar grey matter. For all subjects, Aβ status was defined based on the average SUVR values from a cortical composite using a previously published cut-off of 0.53.32 (link)
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Participants underwent 18F-flutemetamol PET and 18F-RO948 PET on Discovery MI scanners (GE healthcare). 18F-flutemetamol PET images were acquired 90 to 110 min after injection of 185 MBq 18F-flutemetamol, whereas 18F-RO948 PET images were acquired 70 to 90 min after injection of 370 MBq 18F-RO948. Pre-processing and generation of standardized uptake value ratio (SUVRs) maps were carried out as previously described.32 (link),33 (link)18F-Flutemetamol scans were normalized using the Pons as reference region, whereas 18F-RO948 images were referenced to the inferior cerebellar grey matter. For all subjects, Aβ status was defined based on the average SUVR values from a cortical composite using a previously published cut-off of 0.53.32 (link)
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