Sparfloxacin

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United Kingdom

Sparfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in scientific research and laboratory applications. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Sparfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for bacterial cell division and replication.

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3 protocols using sparfloxacin

Antibiotic Susceptibility Evaluation of Urinary Isolates

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A modified form of the Kirby Bauer method was employed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine specimens [20 (link),21 ]. The antibiotics tested included co-trimoxazole, ceftizoxime, chloramphenicol, cephalexin, tetracycline, cipr ofloxacin, amikacin, ampicillin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK). The antibiotic susceptibility testing procedure that was employed is briefly described as follows. Pure culture of the test organism was emulsified in peptone water until the turbidity was comparable with that of 0.5% McFarland’s standard solution. A loopful of the suspension of the test organism was transferred onto a Mueller–Hinton agar plate, and a sterile cotton swab was then used to streak the entire surface of the agar. Sterile forceps were used to apply the antibiotic discs to the surface of the agar plate and incubated at 37 °C for 18–24 h. Zone diameters formed around the antibiotic discs were measured and classified as sensitive or resistant based on the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point system [21 ].

Donkor E.S., Osei J.A., Anim-Baidoo I, & Darkwah S. (2017). Risk of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among People with Sickle Cell Disease in Accra, Ghana. Diseases, 5(1), 4.

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Antimicrobial Activity of V. glaberrima Extracts

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of V. glaberrima leaf (VGL) and stem (VGS) hexane extracts was determined by standard agar well diffusion assay as reported [14] . Molten Mueller Hinton agar were seeded with the inoculum (1×10 8 CFU/ml, 200 μl) and poured into petri dishes and allowed to solidify. The wells were prepared in the seeded agar plates with the help of a cork borer (6 mm). The sample extract each was dissolved in DMSO (5 mg/ml) and extract solution (100 μl) was then introduced into the 6 mm diameter well. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Testing was done in duplicate and Sparfloxacin (30 µg/ml) and Ciprofloxacin (30 µg/ml) discs (Oxoid, UK) were used as standard antimicrobial agent controls and DMSO was used as a negative control. Antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone (clear zone) formed around the well in millimeters and classified as follows: Resistant (R): ≤ 10 mm; Intermediate (I): 11-14 mm; Sensitive (S): ≥ 15 mm [15] (link).

Gangas P., Aliyu A.B., & Oyewale A.O. (2021). GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Effects of Vernonia glaberrima n-Hexane Extracts alone and in Combination with Standard Antibiotics. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 46(2).

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Isolates

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The antibiotics susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid, England). Inhibition zone diameter values were measured and interpreted using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoint (EUCAST 2018). The isolates were tested against nine antibiotics, namely pefloxacin, cipr ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, lev ofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, oxacillin and erythromycin (Oxoid, England). E. coli ATCC 25922 strain was used as a control for antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Nsofor C.M., Tattfeng M.Y., & Nsofor C.A. (2021). High prevalence of qnrA and qnrB genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center, 45(1).

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