Polyethersulfone membrane

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in Ireland, Canada

Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane is a type of filtration material used in various laboratory applications. It is a semi-permeable membrane that allows the passage of certain molecules while retaining others based on size exclusion. PES membranes are known for their chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength, making them suitable for a range of filtration and separation processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Collagenase type 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions) C57bl 10scsnj strain, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions) Gentamicin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Uv 1700 pharma spec uv vis, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Vero cells, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Minimum essential medium (mem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 0.45 μm syringe filter, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Slide a lyzer g2 dialysis cassette, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

6 protocols using polyethersulfone membrane

Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Myofibers

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We used age-matched male control mice (wild-type, WT) and MDX mice (lacking dystrophin) from the C57BL/10ScSnJ strain (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME). A total of 20 mice were used (approximately 3–4 months of age) and all experimental procedures were approved by the University of Maryland Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee.
Following euthanasia (CO₂ inhalation), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles were harvested bilaterally from MDX and WT mice. Single myofibers were enzymatically isolated in DMEM with 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, A7906), 1 μL/mL Gentamicin (Sigma, G1397), and 2 mg/mL type I collagenase (Sigma, C0130) for 1–3 h at 37°C as previously described (Brown et al. 2007 (link); Cherednichenko et al. 2008 (link)). Solutions were filtered using a 0.2 μm polyethersulfone membrane (Thermo, 194–2520). Myofibers were then plated on extracellular matrix-coated (ECM, Sigma, E1270) imaging dishes (P35G-1.0-14-C, Matek Inc.) and rested for 12 h before experiments. All of the myofibers were imaged and/or tested within a 24-h period, thus avoiding changes that can occur in FDB myofibers that are cultured for prolonged periods (Ravenscroft et al. 2007 (link)).

Hernández-Ochoa E.O., Pratt S.J., Garcia-Pelagio K.P., Schneider M.F, & Lovering R.M. (2015). Disruption of action potential and calcium signaling properties in malformed myofibers from dystrophin-deficient mice. Physiological Reports, 3(4), e12366.

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Quantifying Dissolution of PAR and Lα·H2O

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A range of suspensions containing 2.5 g of PAR and 2.5 g of Lα•H2O were made up using solvent compositions ranging from 100% EtOH to 50/50 % v/v EtOH/H2O in 50 mL Eppendorf conical tubes.
They were sealed well and shaken for one hour at a rate of 200 rpm using an orbital shaker (IKA MTS 2/4, Germany). All samples were then moved to an incubator set at 25 ± 3 °C and left for 12 hours to give the suspension adequate time to settle to the bottom of the vial. Two 20 mL aliquots were taken from the supernatant at 25 °C and filtered (25 mm syringe filter with a 0.45 μm polyethersulfone membrane, Fischer, Ireland) labelling one vial as vial 1 and the other as vial 2. Vial 1 was used to test for the concentration of PAR dissolved in solution using a UV-Vis spectrometer (UV-1700 PharmaSpec UV-VIS, Shimadzu, Japan) and scanned at a wavelength of 248 nm (Rote et al., 2012) . Vial 2 was left for 48 hours in a fume hood at 25 ⁰C to allow the EtOH constituent of the solvent mixture to evaporate and then left for 24 hours in an incubator (Gallenkamp Size 1, UK) set at 60 ⁰C to evaporate the remaining H2O constituent. This evaporation of the solvent resulted in large PAR + Lα•H2O crystals. By subtracting the known weight of PAR found in vial 1 from the weight of the crystallised mixture in vial 2, the amount of dissolved Lα•H2O in the mixture was determined.

McDonagh A.F, & Tajber L. (2020). Crystallo-co-spray drying as a new approach to manufacturing of drug/excipient agglomerates: Impact of processing on the properties of paracetamol and lactose mixtures. International journal of pharmaceutics, 577.

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Sabin Type 2 Virus Production in Vero Cells

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Vero cells (the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in minimum essential medium (MEM; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) and L-glutamine (2 mM; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) in 225-cm² flasks (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 37°C in 5% CO₂ for 3 days. The medium was then changed to MEM containing 2% FBS and 2 mM L-glutamine, and the cells were grown for a further day. After changing the medium to MEM (63 mL) without FBS, Sabin type 2 virus was inoculated onto the cell monolayer at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 and cultured at 37°C for 2 days. The cell culture supernatant was then collected, passed through a 0.45-μm filter (polyethersulfone MEMbrane; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) using vacuum to remove cell debris, and stored without any stabilizer at −80°C until use. The virus was highly stable under this condition and showed no change in its TCID₅₀ value during the 4-month storage period (data not shown).

Kurosawa Y., Sato S., Okuyama T, & Taoka M. (2019). Sequential two-step chromatographic purification of infectious poliovirus using ceramic fluoroapatite and ceramic hydroxyapatite columns. PLoS ONE, 14(9), e0222199.

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Extraction and Dilution of Snus

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Snus packages were stored at −20℃. The snus boxes were placed at +4℃ for a minimum of 24 h prior to the experiments. One hour before extraction, the snus pouches were placed at room temperature (RT) for equilibration. Five snus pouches of each type were cut in half, and the pouch material and content (5 g) were extracted with 25 mL PBS (1/5 dilution) for 1 h at 37℃ under agitation (400 rpm). The extract was then centrifuged at 2400 rpm for 5 min at RT. The supernatant was subsequently centrifuged in a second centrifuge tube equipped with a filter cup (Labo Service Belgium bvba, Kontich, Belgium) protected with a glass-fiber filter pad (0.45-μm syringe filter, Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and centrifuged for 10 min at 2400 rpm. The centrifuged extract was loaded into a 10-mL glass syringe with a polytetrafluoroethylene head and filtered through a 0.22-μm pore-size syringe filter (Fisher Scientific; polyethersulfone membrane, 33-mm diameter, sterile). The snus preparations obtained were further diluted in PBS to obtain final concentrations ranging from 0.009–20 mg/mL.

van der Toorn M., Koshibu K., Schlage W.K., Majeed S., Pospisil P., Hoeng J, & Peitsch M.C. (2019). Comparison of monoamine oxidase inhibition by cigarettes and modified risk tobacco products. Toxicology Reports, 6, 1206-1215.

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Synthesis and Characterization of GelMA Hydrogel

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GelMA was synthesized using previously described methods [25 (link), 26 (link)]. Briefly, a 10% w/v solution was prepared by dissolving gelatin (Type A, 300 bloom, porcine skin, Sigma Aldrich) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at approximately 60 °C. Following complete dissolution, the solution temperature was maintained at 50 °C and 0.14 ml methacrylic anhydride was added for each gram of dissolved gelatin. The methacrylation reaction was allowed to proceed for 4 h at 50 °C under vigorous stirring. PBS warmed to 40 °C was added to obtain a GelMA concentration of 4.5% w/v, and then ice-cold acetone was added at a volumetric GelMA solution-to-acetone ratio of 1:4, allowing the GelMA to precipitate overnight. The precipitate was dried and dissolved in PBS at a concentration of 10% w/v by heating to approximately 50 °C. Following vacuum filtration through a 0.22 μm filter (polyethersulfone membrane, Fisher Scientific), the solution was dialyzed (Slide-A-Lyzer G2 Dialysis Cassettes, gamma-irradiated, 10 K molecular weight cutoff, Fisher Scientific) for 3 days against deionized water with dialysis media change twice a day. The GelMA solution was finally lyophilized for four days and stored at −20 °C.

Ersumo N., Witherel C, & Spiller K. (2016). Differences in time-dependent mechanical properties between extruded and molded hydrogels. Biofabrication, 8(3), 035012.

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Compost Tea Preparation and Dilution

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The MSW compost at 35% moisture content was sieved using a 2-mm screen size. The compost tea stock solution was prepared by adding 100 g of the sieved compost to 2 L of deionized water in an Erlenmeyer flask. The top of the flask was covered with parafilm and a small hole of about 1-mm diameter was made at the top to allow aeration. The mixture was stirred for 24 hr at 1100 rpm using a hot plate isotemperature magnetic stirrer (Fisher Scientific, Toronto, ON, Canada) under room temperature and relative humidity conditions. The stirred mixture stood for 24 hr to settle before filtering using a NALGENE rapid flow filter with disposable bottle top filters lined with a polyethersulfone membrane (Fisher Scientific, Toronto, ON, Canada). Compost tea concentrations of 0, 2. 5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 and 100% (v/v) were prepared from the stock solution using deionized water.

Vehniwal S.S., Ofoe R., & Abbey L. (2020). Concentration, Temperature and Storage duration Influence Chemical Stability of Compost Tea. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 9(3), 87-87.

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