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2 protocols using succinylated wheat germ agglutinin

1

Quantifying Bacterial Cell Wall Protein Binding

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To examine the binding of fluorescent proteins to sacculi, 0.5 mL of sacculi resuspended in PBS (OD600 of 3.4) were incubated with 48 μg mL−1 AtlABSP-GFP, or 67 μg mL−1 AtlAFL-GFP, or 45 μg mL−1 AtlAC-GFP, or 46 μg mL−1 GFP-eMapZ, or 28 μg mL−1 GFP, or 10 μg mL−1 succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (Vectorlabs) for 1 hour with agitation. Sample aliquots were assayed to determine the total fluorescence. Then samples were centrifuged (16,000 g, 3 min), followed by two washes with PBS. The pellet was resuspended in 0.5 mL of PBS, and sample aliquots were assayed to determine the pellet fluorescence. Data are presented as a percentage of fluorescence of the pellet normalized to the total fluorescence of the sample.
To examine the binding of AtlABSP-GFP to cell wall material, 0.5 mg of lyophilized cell wall was incubated with 48 μg mL−1 AtlABSP-GFP in 0.5 mL of PBS. The experiment was conducted as described above.
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2

Glycan Profiling of Confluent Cells

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Confluent cells were detached from cell culture dishes by gentle resuspension in PBS and were transferred to V-bottom 96-well plates for staining (1–2 × 106 cells/well). Prior to this, control cells were treated with 4 µg/ml kifunensine (Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA) overnight. Cells were washed with staining buffer (PBS supplemented with 2% (v/v) fetal calf serum, 2 mM EDTA) and were then stained successively with a near-IR fluorescent reactive dye (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific), biotin-conjugated lectins and streptavidin-PE (1:1000, Thermo Fisher Scientific) diluted in FACS buffer. The following biotinylated lectins were used: Sambucus nigra (5 µg/ml), Griffonia simplicifolia (0.5 µg/ml), Pisum sativum agglutinin (1 µg/ml), Lens culinaris agglutinin (0.5 µg/ml), Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (1 µg/ml), Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (1 µg/ml), and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (2 µg/ml) (all from Vector laboratories, San Francisco, CA, USA) as well as Concanavalin A Type IV (1 µg/ml) and Tritium vulgaris (0.5 µg/ml) (from Sigma–Aldrich). Stained cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde (FA) in PBS (Polysciences) and were analysed using a FACSCanto II and the FlowJo 10.6.2 software package (Becton Dickinson).
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