M terphenyl

Standards of BaP (98%), m-terphenyl (99%), acetone (99.5%), methanol (≥99.9%), benzene (99.8%), phenol (98%) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA, 97.5%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chlorophyll a (>96%) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Japan). Five metabolites of BaP, 1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (1-OH-BaP, >96%), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP, >99%), benzo[a]pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol (BaP-cis-4,5-diol, >99%), benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-dione (BaP-1,6-dione, >99%) and benzo[a]pyrene-6,12-dione (BaP-6,12-dione, >99%) were supplied by Middlewest Research Institute (NCI Chemical Resource, Kansas, MO, USA). Ethyl acetate (99.8%) was obtained from LabScan Asia Company Limited (Thailand). Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%), sodium chloride and anhydrous sodium sulfate were provided by Farce Chemical Supplies (China). High-purity water was taken from a Milli-Q water system (Millipore, Eschborn, Germany).

1-Methylpiperidine (99%),
CH₃I (99%), m-terphenyl (99%), trifluoromethanesulfonic
acid (98%), N,N-diisopropylethylamine
(DIPEA, 99%), N-methyl-4-piperidone (97%), and poly(vinyl
benzyl chloride) (PVBC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. K₂CO₃ (99%), NaCl (99.5%), KOH (99.5%), NaNO₃ (99%), AgNO₃ (99%), dichloromethane (DCM, 99%), and dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.8%) were obtained from VWR Chemicals. Ultrapure
water was used throughout the experiments.