0.1 m sodium citrate solution

Cell viability was determined using the crystal violet staining method, as described previously [42 (link)]. In brief, the cells were plated in 96-well plates at 3000 cells/mL and treated with/without glycidamide at the indicated concentrations. Viable cells were stained with 0.5% crystal violet in 30% ethanol for 10 min at room temperature. Subsequently, the plates were washed four times with tap water. After drying, the cells were lysed with a 0.1 M sodium citrate solution (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), and the dye uptake was measured at 550 nm using a 96-well plate reader. Cell viability was calculated by comparing the relative dye intensities of the treated and untreated samples.

Cell viability was determined with the crystal violet-staining method, as described previously [21 (link)]. In brief, the oligonucleotide (100 nM) was introduced into 5 ×10⁵ dissociated cells by the jetPRIME transfection reagent according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Next, cells were plated in 96-well plates at 3000 cells/mL after transfection with control siRNA or siCRNDE for 48 h. After cells had grown for 48 h, cells were stained with 0.5% crystal violet for 10 min at room temperature. Next, the plates were washed with tap water three times. After drying, cells were lysed with a 0.1 M sodium citrate solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and the absorbance was measured at 550 nm on a microplate reader.

Cell viability was determined using the crystal violet staining method, as described previously [37 (link)]. In brief, cells were plated in 96-well plates at 3000 cells/mL and treated with or without NSAIDs at the indicated concentrations. After NSAID treatment for 48 h, cells were stained with 0.5% crystal violet for 10 min at room temperature. Next, the plates were washed with tap water three times. After drying, cells were lysed with a 0.1 M sodium citrate solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and measured at 550 nm on a microplate reader.