Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer 1 fitc

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Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) is a fluorescent dye commonly used in various biomedical and research applications. It is a derivative of fluorescein, a common fluorescent compound. FITC has the ability to emit green fluorescence when excited by a light source, making it a useful tool for labeling and detecting biomolecules in a wide range of applications.

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FITC (1014 citations) Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (33 citations) FITC isomer I (17 citations) Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer (6 citations) Isomer I (4 citations) Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer (FITC, (3 citations) FITC I (3 citations) FITC isomer (2 citations)

45 protocols using fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer 1 fitc

3D Printed Biofunctional Microfluidic Devices

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Veroclear-RGD810 print material
and SUP706B support were purchased from Stratasys, Ltd. (Eden Prairie,
MN). Isopropyl alcohol was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific
(St. Louis, MO). Nichrome wire, 0.025 and 0.05 mm diameters, was purchased
from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA). Glycine, arginine, phenylalanine,
aspartic acid, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC), N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (CAPS), and boric
acid were purchased from Millipore Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
N-160 Solvent thinner and carbon ink were purchased from Ercon Inc.
(Wareham, MA). Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) base and curing agent
(Sylgard 184) were purchased from Dow Corning (West Salzburg, MI).
Silicon wafer substrates were purchased from Empak Inc. (Arrowswest,
CO). SU-50 and SU-8 developers were purchased from Kayaku Advanced
Materials Inc. (Westborough, MA).

Selemani M.A., Castiaux A.D, & Martin R.S. (2022). PolyJet-Based 3D Printing against Micromolds to Produce Channel Structures for Microchip Electrophoresis. ACS Omega, 7(15), 13362-13370.

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FITC Labeling of Human Serum Albumin

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Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) 146 aa (carrier free, purity better than 97%, lyophilized) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, USA). Just before use, it was reconstituted in PBS containing 0.1% of Human serum albumin. Human serum albumin (≥97%) and heparin sodium salt from porcine intestinal mucosa (17–19 kDa), glutaraldehyde (25% aqueous solution), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC, ≥90%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All the salts and organic solvents were of analytical grade. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ, Milli-Q Ultrapure Water System, Millipore) was used in all experiments.
Albumin was conjugated with FITC according to the published protocol[31 ] with small modifications. Briefly, 20 mg of Alb was dissolved in 0.1 M carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH 9) to a final concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. The FITC solution (9.5 mg/mL) was added drop-wise to the albumin solution, while stirring. The reaction was carried out 4 h in the dark at room temperature. The product was dialyzed (Spectrapor, cut-off 3.5 kDa) against water. Finally, the Alb^FITC product was lyophilized and the degree of labelling was determined spectroscopically according to the protocol suggested by the supplier (Sigma Aldrich). The molar ratio of FITC to Alb was 0.7.

Kumorek M., Kubies D., Filová E., Houska M., Kasoju N., Mázl Chánová E., Matějka R., Krýslová M., Bačáková L, & Rypáček F. (2015). Cellular Responses Modulated by FGF-2 Adsorbed on Albumin/Heparin Layer-by-Layer Assemblies. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0125484.

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Fabrication of Polymeric Microparticles

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Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) 50:50 (PLGA RESOMER® RG 504H, 38,000–54,000 Dalton), was purchased from Boeringer Ingelheim. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 856568 Mw 55 KDa), Pluronic® F-68, dimethyl carbonate (DMC, D152927), dichloromethane (DCM) sodium acetate anhydrous, sulphorhodamine B (Rhod) (SulphoRh6G, S470899), fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC), and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. NOA 61 glue was purchased from Norland Optical Adhesive. Poly (dimethyl-siloxane) (PDMS) was provided by Sylgard® (184 Silicone Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning). Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was purchased from GoodFellow. The medical tape came from 3 M. Pure recombinant POXA1b (rPOXA1b) laccase enzyme was provided by Biopox srl. IP-DIP negative tone photoresist was purchased from Nanoscribe GmbH. Bidistilled water was pretreated with a Milli-Q R Plus System (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, USA). The MPatch™ Mini Applicator was purchased from Micropoint Technologies Pte Ltd.

Battisti M., Vecchione R., Casale C., Pennacchio F.A., Lettera V., Jamaledin R., Profeta M., Di Natale C., Imparato G., Urciuolo F, & Netti P.A. (2019). Non-invasive Production of Multi-Compartmental Biodegradable Polymer Microneedles for Controlled Intradermal Drug Release of Labile Molecules. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7, 296.

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FITC and Cy5.5 Labeling of CD166-Targeted Peptides

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Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and cyanine5.5 NHS ester (Cy5.5) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). CD166-targeted peptides (CD166tp, amino acid sequence: DSEGNSNLCSQS), CD166tp-C (amino acid sequence: DSEGNSNLCSQSC), G₁₈C (amino acid sequence: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGC), CD166tp-G₁₈C (amino acid sequence: DSEGNSNLCSQSGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGC), FITC-labeled CD166tp-G₁₈C (CD166tp-G₁₈C-FITC), G₁₈C-FITC, IgG-FITC, and FITC-conjugated CD166 antibody (CD166ab-FITC) were customizedly synthesized by Sigma-Aldrich. The Maleimide-DTPA was obtained from CheMatech (Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France).

Guan S.S., Wu C.T., Liao T.Z., Luo T.Y., Lin K.L, & Liu S.H. (2020). Indium-111-labeled CD166-targeted peptide as a potential nuclear imaging agent for detecting colorectal cancer stem-like cells in a xenograft mouse model. EJNMMI Research, 10, 13.

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Phytase-Mediated Phytate Hydrolysis

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Potassium chloride (>99 %), alginic acid sodium salt from brown algae (medium viscosity), phytase from wheat (>0.01 unit/mg solid, 6-phytase), sodium hydroxide anhydrous (>97 %), calcium chloride dihydrate (>99.5 %), ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) disodium salt (>99 %), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC), and l-ascorbic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, US). Hydrochloric acid and Pierce^TM rapid gold BCA (bicinchoninic acid) protein assay kits were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Liverpool, NY, US). Pepsin (min. 3,000 units/mg) was purchased from Mallinckrodt Chemicals (Dublin, Ireland). Sodium phytate (95 %) was purchased from Astatech Inc. (Bristol, PA, US). κ-Carrageenan was purchased from TIC GUMS (Westchester, IL, US). Chitosan from Aspergillus niger was purchased from Sarchem Laboratories (Farmingdale, NJ, US). Sulfuric acid (95–98 %) was purchased from Fluka Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, US).

Yang E., Dong H., Khongkomolsakul W., Dadmohammadi Y, & Abbaspourrad A. (2023). Improving the thermal stability of phytase using core-shell hydrogel beads. Food Chemistry: X, 21, 101082.

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Immune Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) were from Sigma-Aldrich, and phosphorothioate-modified CpG ODN was synthesized by Sybersyn. Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) (197G2) rabbit mAb, Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (81e11) rabbit mAb, Phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (D3F9) rabbit mAb, Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (93H1) rabbit mAb, EEA1 (C45B10) rabbit mAb, Rab5 (C8B1) rabbit mAb, and Rab7 (D95F2) rabbit mAb were from Cell Signaling Technology. CD107a/LAMP-1 mouse mAb was from BioLegend; β-actin mouse mAb and Ccz1 antibodies (L-20) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; SNX10 antibody (HPA015605) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Mouse CD4-FITC, CD8-PE, B220-APC, CD11b-PE, CD11b-APC, Gr1-FITC, Ly6C-PE, and F4/80-APC antibodies were purchased from eBioscience. Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) were from Sigma-Aldrich; Alexa Fluor^® 488 dye and Alexa Fluor^® 647 dyes were from Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Lou J., Li X., Huang W., Liang J., Zheng M., Xu T., Lyu J., Li D., Xu Q., Jin X., Fu G., Wang D, & Lu L. (2017). SNX10 promotes phagosome maturation in macrophages and protects mice against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Oncotarget, 8(33), 53935-53947.

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Crude 4HGF Extraction and Characterization

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Crude 4HGF (the mixtures of P. linteus grown on germinated brown rice, C. militaris grown on germinated soybeans, and P. multiflorum, F. carica, and C. nucifera oil) was kindly provided by CARI Co. Ltd. Acetic acid, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), magnesium chloride, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). PGA (molecular weight = 200,000–400,000) and CS (molecular weight = ~500,000) were purchased from Vedan Biotechnology Co. (Taichung, Taiwan) and Mirae Biotech (Gyeonggi, Korea), respectively.

Kim H.S., Kwon H.K., Lee D.H., Le T.N., Park H.J, & Kim M.I. (2019). Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)/Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles For Effective Preservation And Delivery Of Fermented Herbal Extract For Enlarging Hair Bulb And Enhancing Hair Growth. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 14, 8409-8419.

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Gelatin-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticle Fabrication

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1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine
(PC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
(PE), and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 20,000; PEG 20k) were
purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Mineral
oil was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan), while alkali-treated
gelatin was supplied by Nitta Gelatin Co. (Osaka, Japan). The average
molecular weight of the gelatin as determined by gel-permeation chromatography
was 190 kDa. Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC; Sigma-Aldrich
Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and Rhodamine B labeled 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (Rho-PE) (Invitrogen;
Carlsbad, CA, USA) were used as fluorescent dyes for the gelatin and
lipid, respectively. Thioflavin T (ThT; Wako Pure Chemical Industries)
was used to detect β sheet rich structures like the amyloid
structures. All the materials were used without further purification.

Sakai A., Murayama Y., Fujiwara K., Fujisawa T., Sasaki S., Kidoaki S, & Yanagisawa M. (2018). Increasing Elasticity through Changes in the Secondary Structure of Gelatin by Gelation in a Microsized Lipid Space. ACS Central Science, 4(4), 477-483.

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Nanoformulations for Leishmania Treatment

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Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), soya lecithin (SL), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), cellulose dialysis tube (Mol. Weight; 14 kDa), Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) were obtained from HiMedia Laboratories (India). Trehalose was procured from TCI Chemical, India. Amphotericin B, paromomycin, 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) and fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (U.S.A). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), RPMI 1,640, penicillin–streptomycin, phalloidin-rhodamine, trypsin-ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (Trypsin–EDTA) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS; pH–7.4), were purchased from Invitrogen (USA). Glass bottom dishes from the ThermoFiscer Scientific (USA), Silicon wafers and Carbon-coated TEM grids from Beta Tech Equipment (India).

Parvez S., Yadagiri G., Gedda M.R., Singh A., Singh O.P., Verma A., Sundar S, & Mudavath S.L. (2020). Modified solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated with Amphotericin B and Paromomycin: an effective oral combination against experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis. Scientific Reports, 10, 12243.

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Synthesis of AHNP-PEG Conjugates

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HS-PEG-NH₂ (average molecular weight: 5 kDa), fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and cyanine5.5 NHS ester (Cy5.5) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti HER2/neu peptides, AHNP (sequence: FCDGFYACYMDV), AHNP-PEG, FITC-labeled AHNP-PEG (FITC-AHNP-PEG) were custom-made by AnaSpec (Fremont, CA, USA). The p-SCN-Bn-DTPA was obtained from Macrocyclics (Plano, TX, USA).

Guan S.S., Wu C.T., Chiu C.Y., Luo T.Y., Wu J.Y., Liao T.Z, & Liu S.H. (2018). Polyethylene glycol-conjugated HER2-targeted peptides as a nuclear imaging probe for HER2-overexpressed gastric cancer detection in vivo. Journal of Translational Medicine, 16, 168.

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