Aanalyst 400

Manufactured by PerkinElmer

Sourced in United States

The AAnalyst 400 is a high-performance atomic absorption spectrometer designed for routine analysis. It provides accurate and reliable measurements of a wide range of elements in various sample types. The AAnalyst 400 is a versatile instrument that can be used for both flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption techniques.

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72 protocols using aanalyst 400

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Chromium

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AAnalyst 400 (PerkinElmer) FAAS with acetylene and air flow rates of 3.46 and 9.56 L min -1 was used as the detector. A chromium hollow cathode lamp operating at 10 mA with the wavelength set at 357.9 nm was used as the light source. The flow-injection system, FIAS 400 (PerkinElmer), was coupled to FAAS.
This system was controlled by Winlab32 TM (Ver. 6.5.0.0266) software, which was installed in a personal computer. The infrared spectra were recorded on a PerkinElmer FT-IR spectrometer Model Spectrum RX-1 (resolution 4 cm -1 , range 400 -4000 cm -1 ). All pH adjustments were done on a pH meter Model LI-614 (ELICO Ltd., India).

Tiwari S., Sharma N, & Saxena R. (2016). Online Preconcentration Procedure for Chromium Speciation and Determination in Industrial Water Samples Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 32(12).

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Elemental Analysis of Puree Samples

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Puree samples were digested with nitric (HNO 3 ) and perchloric (HClO 4 ) acids at a ratio of 2:1 (HNO 3 : HClO 4 ). K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, AAnalyst400, Singapore). Phosphorus (P), boron (B), and sulfur (S) were determined using spectrophotometry (Benton et al., 1991) . The results were reported as mg or µg/100 g FW.

Gollaz-Machuca V.A., García‐Magaña M.d.L., Becerra-Verdín E.M., González-Acuña I.J., González‐Aguilar G.A., Yahia E.M., & Montalvo‐González E. (2021). Nutritional characterization and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of guava-Aloe vera puree and its histopathological effect in gastric lesion-induced rats. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture.

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Quantifying Zinc Levels in Cladodes

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The dried plant parts were dissolved in nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and heated until the organic matter was completely dissolved. The dissolved sample solution was then filtered through filter paper and the Zn 2＋ concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAna-lyst400; PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd., Japan) following standard procedures.
Experimental design and statistical analysis Six cladodes were used for each treatment and four cladodes per treatment were used for sample measurement. Differences between treatments were analyzed using analysis of variance and differences between the means were determined using Tukey's test with a significance level of Pϭ0.05.

Horibe T., Sumi H., & TERANOBU R. (2020). Zinc Biofortification of the Edible Cactus Nopalea cochenillifera Grown Under Hydroponic Conditions. Environment Control in Biology, 58(2), 43-47.

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Analytical Methods for Nutritional Evaluation

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Diets and excreta were analyzed for DM (method 4.1.06; by drying and estimating weight loss), crude protein (method 4.2.03; by Kjeldahl method after acid hydrolysis), ether extract (method 4.8.01; after extraction with petroleum ether by Soxhlet method), and ash (method 4.8.03; by igniting at 550 °C for 3 h in a muffle furnace) contents using the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) procedures [12 ]. The Ca content in diet was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to the methods suggested by the manufacturer (AAnalyst 400, PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT, USA). The P content in diet was estimated using a colorimetric procedure [13 (link)].

Paul S.S., Ramasamy K.T., Rao Vantharam Venkata H.G., Rama Rao S.V., Lakshmi Narasimha Raju M.V., Ramanan S., Nori S.S., Suryanarayan S., Reddy G.N., Phani Kumar P.S., Prasad C.S, & Chatterjee R.N. (2024). Evaluation of the potential of extract of seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler chickens. Heliyon, 10(3), e25219.

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Proximate and Mineral Analyses of Aloe Gels

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Proximate and mineral elemental analyses of extracted gel from A. schweinfurthii were carried out in comparison to those of A. vera gel. The proximate compositions of the two gels, namely: the crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, crude carbohydrate (nitrogen-free extract), ash, and moisture contents were determined according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. 10 The crude protein content of each gel was determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method 10, 11 (link) as described by Pearson, 12 while the crude fiber content was determined using the Fibretec hot extraction method. 10, 13 The AOAC methods used for the moisture and ash contents determination were as described by Nguyen 14 while the determination of fat content was carried out using Soxhlet extraction method with petroleum ether (boiling range 40-60°C). The crude carbohydrate was determined by the Difference Method (i.e. 100minus [% Protein + % Fat + % moisture + % ash+% fiber]). All the proximate determinations were carried out in triplicates and the results reported in average percentage values. 10 The mineral elements in the gels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer Aanalyst 400, Shelton, USA) for iron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and copper, while Flame Emission Photometry was used for sodium and potassium. 15

Oyesomi O.O., Oyedele A.O., Oyemitan I.A., Adeyem O.I., & Elujoba A. (2021). Aloe schweinfurthii gel: composition physicochemical and biological properties. International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 14(1), 26-33.

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Flame AAS Magnesium Quantification

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The magnesium content was determined in the sample via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) on an AAnalyst 400 (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). Before the F-AAS analysis, the sample was treated by diluting and adding ionic buffers Cs and La so that their final concentration in the solution was 2000 mg/L. Quantitative evaluation of the analytes was performed with a method of external calibration. Calibration for Mg was in the range 0–2 mg/L. A Seronorm WB L-2 whole blood sample was used as a control. The limit of detection for Mg was 0.2 µg/g tissue.

Klíma K., Ulmann D., Bartoš M., Španko M., Dušková J., Vrbová R., Pinc J., Kubásek J., Ulmannová T., Foltán R., Brizman E., Drahoš M., Beňo M, & Čapek J. (2021). Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) Absorbable Screws—An In-Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradation Pilot Study on a Rabbit Model. Materials, 14(12), 3271.

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Sodium Uptake Capacity of Carnivorous Traps

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The sodium uptake capacity of traps was determined by feeding traps with insect powder containing defined amounts of the respective cation. Five traps per plant were fed with 20 mg insect powder, dissolved in 100 μl water. The insect powder was derived from adult moths of Vanessa cardui (Lep.: Nymphalidae) and had an approximate Na⁺ content of 5 mM. At the given time points after feeding, traps were harvested, the remaining insect material was removed, and the plant tissue was thoroughly dried. The ground plant powder was then hydrolyzed with HNO₃ in a pressure ashing device (Seif). Traps diluted with H₂O were analyzed by ICP-OES (JY 70 Plus, Devision d’Instruments S.A., Jobin Yvon), and petioles of fed traps were analyzed by flame atom absorption spectrometer (F-AAS) (AAnalyst 400, PerkinElmer).

Böhm J., Scherzer S., Krol E., Kreuzer I., von Meyer K., Lorey C., Mueller T.D., Shabala L., Monte I., Solano R., Al-Rasheid K.A., Rennenberg H., Shabala S., Neher E, & Hedrich R. (2016). The Venus Flytrap Dionaea muscipula Counts Prey-Induced Action Potentials to Induce Sodium Uptake. Current Biology, 26(3), 286-295.

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Arsenic Concentration Analysis in Lentil Crops

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Digested samples were brought into the laboratory of Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) for the analysis of As concentration in lentil root, shoot, -grains, soil, and vermi-compost. The concentration of As in root, shoot, grains of lentil plants, soil, vermi-compost and water samples were analyzed by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FI-HG-AAS, Perkin Elmer A Analyst 400, USA) using external calibration [31 ]. The optimum HCl concentration was 10% v/v and 0.4% NaBH₄ produced the maximum sensitivity. Three replicates taken from each digested samples and the mean values obtained based on the calculation of those three replicates. Standard Reference Materials (SRM) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA analyzed in the same procedure at the start, during and at the end of the measurements to ensure continued accuracy.

Alam M.Z., Hoque M.A., Ahammed G.J, & Carpenter-Boggs L. (2019). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce arsenic uptake and improve plant growth in Lens culinaris. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0211441.

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Quantifying Zinc in Adipose Tissue

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The total amount of Zn in adipose tissues was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (spectrometer AAnalyst 400 Perkin Elmer) after dry ashing at 450 °C. Approximately 0.3 g of epididymal adipose tissue was combusted with gradual increase of temperature (50 °C/h). The obtained ash was treated with 5 ml of hydrochloric acid (6 M), and then, the acid solution was evaporated to dryness. The obtained residue was dissolved in 5 ml of nitric acid (0.1 M) and used for zinc determination at 213.9 nm. All analyses were done in triplicate. The accuracy and precision of the used method was assured by simultaneous analysis of certified reference material M-3 HerTis (Herring Tissue).

Szrok S., Stelmanska E., Turyn J., Bielicka-Gieldon A., Sledzinski T, & Swierczynski J. (2016). Metallothioneins 1 and 2, but not 3, are regulated by nutritional status in rat white adipose tissue. Genes & Nutrition, 11, 18.

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Tissue Zinc Content Determination

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Samples of testis and prostate were dried to constant weight at 90 °C and then were ashed in a furnace. Ashed samples were dissolved in 0.1 M HCl solution. Tissue Zn content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using AAnalyst 400 (Perkin-Elmer).

Fong L.Y., Jing R., Smalley K.J., Wang Z.X., Taccioli C., Fan S., Chen H., Alder H., Huebner K., Farber J.L., Fiehn O, & Croce C.M. (2018). Human-like hyperplastic prostate with low ZIP1 induced solely by Zn deficiency in rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(47), E11091-E11100.

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