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24 protocols using spherisorb c18 column

1

Glucosinolate Analysis by HPLC

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As previously mentioned [75 (link)], glucosesinolates were examined. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to examine desulfoglucosinolates. The Agilent 1260 HPLC apparatus with a variable wavelength detector (VWD) was used for the analysis. Acetonitrile, water, and a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm) were used to separate the samples at a temperature of 30 °C and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min−1. On a 250 × 4.6 mm Waters Spherisorb C18 column, the separation was carried out. At 226 nm, the absorption was found.
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2

Glucosinolate Extraction and HPLC Analysis

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Glucosinolates were extracted and analyzed as previously described2 (link). Briefly, freeze-dried samples (100 mg) were boiled in 4 ml water for 10 min. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation (5 min, 7000 g), and the residues were washed once with water (4 ml), centrifuged, and then combined with the previous extract. The aqueous extract was applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 (40 mg) column (pyridine acetate form) (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ). The column was washed three times with 1 ml pyridine acetate (20 mM) and twice with 1 ml water. The glucosinolates were converted into their desulpho analogues by overnight treatment with 100 μl of 0.1% (1.4 units) aryl sulphatase (Sigma), and the desulphoglucosinolates were eluted with 2 × 0.5 ml water. HPLC analysis of desulphoglucosinolates was conducted using a Waters HPLC instrument equipped with a Model 2996 PDA absorbance detector (Waters, USA). Samples (20 μl) were separated at 30 °C on a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 μm particle size) using acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. The procedure employed isocratic elution with 1.5% acetonitrile for the first 5 min; a linear gradient to 20% acetonitrile over the next 15 min followed by isocratic elution with 20% acetonitrile for the final 10 min. Absorbance was detected at 226 nm.
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3

Fucosyltransferase Activity Assay

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All assays were carried out in duplicate. Each reaction in a total volume of 10 μL contains a buffer (200 mM) with pH varying from 4.0 to 11.0, MnCl2 (20 mM), GDP-Fuc (1 mM), LacNAcβPro2AA (1 mM) which is labeled with 2-anthranilic acid (2AA), and 1.2 μg Hp3FT. The buffers used were sodium acetate, pH 4.0–4.5; MES, pH 5.0–6.5; HEPES, pH 7.0; Tris-HCl, pH 7.5–9.0; CAPSO, pH 9.5; and CAPS, pH 10.0–11.0. Reactions were carried out at 37 °C for 15 min before being quenched by adding pre-chilled 20% acetonitrile (20 μL). The samples were kept on ice until aliquots of 8 μL were injected and analyzed by a Shimadzu LC-2010A HPLC system equipped with a membrane online degasser, a temperature control unit, and a fluorescence detector. A reverse-phase Waters Spherisorb C18 column (250 × 4.6 mM i.d., 5 μm particle size) protected with a C18 guard column cartridge was used. The mobile phase was 18% acetonitrile. Fluorescently labeled compounds LacNAcβPro2AA and LexβPro2AA were detected by excitation at 315 nm and emission at 400 nm.
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4

Ascorbic Acid Content Quantification

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Ascorbic acid content was determined using the methods of Sun et al.13 (link) Fifty mg of sample powder was extracted with 5 mL 1.0% (w/v) oxalic acid, subsequently centrifuged 5 min at 4000g. Each sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm cellulose acetate filter. HPLC analysis of ascorbic acid was carried out using a Waters instrument with a Model 2996 PDA detector (Waters Inc., Milford, USA). Sample (20 μL) were separated at room temperature on a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm id; 5 μm particle size), using a solvent of 0.1% oxalic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The amount of ascorbic acid was calculated from absorbance values at 243 nm, using authentic ascorbic acid as a standard. The results were expressed as mg g−1 dry weight.
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5

Quantifying Glucosinolates in Freeze-Dried Samples

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Freeze-dried samples (100 mg) were boiled in 5 mL water for 10 min. The supernatant was collected and applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. The glucosinolates were converted into their desulfo analogs by overnight treated with 100 μL of 0.1% aryl sulfatase, and the desulphoglucosinolates were eluted with 1 mL water. Desulphoglucosinolates was analyzed by HPLC. HPLC analysis of desulphoglucosinolates was carried out using an Agilent 1260 HPLC instrument equipped with a VWD detector. Samples were separated at 30°C on a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm) using acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min–1. Absorbance was detected at 226 nm. Result of glucosinolate content was expressed as mmol kg–1 of dry weight (Sun et al., 2018 (link)).
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6

Quantification of Ascorbic Acid in Watercress

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Ascorbic acid content was determined, with some modifications, as previously described [74 (link)]. Fifty (50) mg of each freeze-dried watercress sample was extracted with 5 mL of 1% (w/v) of oxalic acid by continuous vortexing for approximately 20 min in order to minimize the autooxidation of ascorbic acid into dehydroascorbic acid. Homogenates were then centrifuged at 4000× g for 5 min. The supernatant was passed through a 0.45 μm cellulose acetate filter. Quantification of ascorbic acid content was performed on a Waters HPLC system with a Model 2998 photodiode array (PDA) detector (Waters Inc, Milford, CT, USA). Each sample was injected at a volume of 20 μL and separated chromatographically on a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, particle size; 5 μm) at RT using an isocratic elution of 0.1% oxalic acid at a flow rate of 1 mL.min−1. The amount of ascorbic acid was estimated based on the absorbance value at 243 nm of standards of ascorbic acid (linear range: 0–200 mg of ascorbic acid R2 > 0.999). The results were expressed as mg of ascorbic acid/g of dry extract.
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7

Glucosinolate Profiling by HPLC

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Freeze-dried samples (100 mg) were boiled in 5 mL water for 10 min. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation, and applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. The glucosinolates were converted into their desulpho analogues by overnight treatment with 100 μL of 0.1% aryl sulphatase, and the desulphoglucosinolates were eluted with 1 mL water. HPLC analysis of desulphoglucosinolates was carried out using an Agilent 1260 HPLC instrument equipped with a VWD detector. Samples were separated at 30 °C on a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm) using acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. Absorbance was detected at 226 nm.1 (link)
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8

Quantification of Vitamin C in Frozen Samples

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Vitamin C content was analyzed as previously described35 (link). Frozen samples (3 g) were ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen, extracted twice with 10 ml 1.0% (w/v) oxalic acid and centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min. Each sample was filtered through a 0.45-µm cellulose acetate filter. HPLC analysis of vitamin C was conducted using a Waters instrument with a Model 2996 PDA detector (Waters Inc., Milford, USA). Samples (20 µl) were separated at room temperature on a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm id; 5 µm particle size) using a 0.1% oxalic acid solvent at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. The amount of ascorbic acid was calculated from absorbance values at 243 nm, using authentic ascorbic acid as a standard. Results were expressed as mg 100 g−1 FW.
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9

Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Amylose-Vitamin D Capacity

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The loading capacity of amylose–vitamin D IC was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis [21 (link)]. The encapsulation sample (20 mg) was mixed in 10 mg/mL of α−amylase phosphate solution (20 mM KH2PO4 and 20 mM K2HPO4 mixed in a 1:2 volume ratio) and placed in a water bath oscillator (150 rpm) at 37 °C for 4 h. After adding n−hexane to extract for 4 min and centrifuging at 3000× g for 4 min, the sample was filtrated with 0.22 μm nylon syringe. Vitamin D content in all samples was quantified by an HPLC instrument (Nexera UHPLC/HPLC, SHIMADZU, Kyoto, Japan) with UV detection at 264 nm and Waters Spherisorb® C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm, Ireland), using the method reported earlier with few changes [22 (link)]. The injection volume was 20 μL, and the mobile phase was methanol/acetonitrile (20/80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. A series of concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.06 mg/mL were used to produce the standard curve for vitamin D standard solutions. The following equation was used to calculate the loading capacity: Loading capacity (%)=weight of vitamin Dweight of sample × 100
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10

Quantitative Analysis of Glucosinolates

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Glucosinolates were extracted and analyzed as previously described (17 (link)). Freeze-dried samples (100 mg) were boiled in 5 mL water for 10 min. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation, and the residues were washed once with water, centrifuged and then combined with the previous extract. The aqueous extract was applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column (Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, USA). The glucosinolates were converted into their desulpho analogs by overnight treatment with 100 μL of 0.1% aryl sulphatase (Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, USA), and the desulphoglucosinolates were eluted with 1 mL water. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of desulphoglucosinolates was carried out using an Agilent 1260 HPLC instrument equipped with a variable wavelength detector (VWD) detector (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Palo Alto, USA). Samples were separated at 30°C on a Waters Spherisorb C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 μm particle size) using acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. Absorbance was detected at 226 nm. Glucosinolates were quantified by using ortho-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, USA) as the internal standard and considering the response factor of each glucosinolate.
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