Spss 20 statistical software

SPSS 20 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to do the statistical analysis. First, the normal distribution of data was verified. Analysis of variance was used to detect the differences between these groups. A Tukey test analysis was used to explore the differences between the two groups if necessary. All the experiments were repeated six times using different chondrocytes collected from five rats each time, and the primary cell culture was performed six times. The differences were considered to be statistically significant at P < 0.05.

The significant difference of effects between the two alleles of TaTGW-7A on TGW was analyzed by ANOVA, and estimation of candidate gene effect on phenotypic variation was performed with GLM. These statistical analyses were all finished via SPSS 20 statistical software¹⁰.

SPSS 2.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical tests were carried out for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s test and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

To compare the microbiota structure among the milk groups, alpha diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson reciprocal diversity, and Chao1 index) were established to compare the microbial richness among the milk groups. Moreover, beta diversity indices, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA; weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances for PCoA), were used to explore the clustering of subjects [33 (link),34 (link),35 (link)]. The Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann–Whitney 2-sample) test was performed to evaluate the alpha diversity indices among the milk groups using the SPSS 20 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Furthermore, the Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) algorithm, including the bar and Cladogram graphs, was also applied to identify and evaluate the more abundant taxa in one group compared to the other groups [36 (link)]. Venn diagrams (Venny 2.1) were used to depict the unique and shared sets of taxa lists between the milk groups.

Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20 statistical software. Correlations between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and lymphocytes in the PTs and LNMs were examined using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and Spearman’s rank correlation. Correlations between PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathological features of the TNBC patients were evaluated using the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method within GraphPad Prism 5.0. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Questionnaire and laboratory data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. SPSS 20 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for analyses of data. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies were used to present the findings of the questionnaires. The percent occurrence of E. coli O157 : H7 in beef samples was estimated using a formula, that is, the number of positive samples divided by the total number of samples examined multiplied by 100. The binomial exact method was used to calculate the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the prevalence estimates. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results are expressed as means ± SD. The patient and control groups were compared by using Student-t test. The Chi-Square test was used for nominal variables. Bazal and post-treatment values of the study group were compared by using paired samples t-test. Correlation between MPV and other parameters were assessed by Pearson's correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors that have an effect on carotid IMT. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20 statistical software.