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2 protocols using anti actinin 4 antibody

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Actinin 4 and L-type Calcium Channel β3 Subunit

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Ros 17/2.8 cells and MG63 cells were plated on chamber slides (NalgeNunc International, Naperville, IL, USA). When the cells were extended thoroughly, they were washed three times with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 25 min. Following three washes with PBS, the cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 min at room temperature. Then they were blocked with 1% BSA for 1 h at room temperature followed by three washes with PBS. The cells were incubated with anti-actinin 4 antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and anti-β3 subunit antibody (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel) at 4°C over night and 30 min at room temperature the next day with gently rocking. After washing with PBS for 10 min for three times, the cells were incubated with the secondary antibodies with labeled with Rhodamine or FITC (Jackson Lab., Barharbor, Maine, USA) at room temperature for 2.5 h shield from light. After three washes with PBS likewise, cells were counterstained with DAPI nuclear stain for 5 min and washed once with PBS, and mounted with Vectashield and reserved at 4°C shield from light. The fluorescent signals were visualized by confocal microscopy (LSM 410; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).The co-localization of actinin 4 and L-type calcium channel β3 subunit was determined by evaluating at least five samples.
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2

Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

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In short, supernatants were conducted differential centrifugation to remove the cell debris. Then, 0.2-μm filter (Sarstedt, Germany) and qEV size-exclusion columns (iZON Science, Christchurch, New Zealand) were utilized to further purification. Subsequently, the supernatant was ultracentrifuged (Type 90 Ti rotor; Beckman Coulter, CA, USA) at 100,000 × g for 60 minat 4°C to generate EVs pellets. Finally, the pellets were washed once with PBS and frozen at −80°C for further experiments.
For identification of EVs, western blot analysis showed that the EVs specific markers (ALIX, TSG101, CD9, CD63 and Flotillin-1) were highly enriched in EVs derived from PO-MSCs. The primary antibodies we used were: anti-CD9 antibody (Abcam, USA), anti-CD63 antibody (Proteintech, China), anti-TSG101 antibody (Abcam, USA), anti-ALIX antibody (Abcam, USA), anti-Flotillin-1 antibody (Abcam, USA), anti-actinin-4 antibody (Abcam, USA) and anti-albumin antibody (Abcam, USA). Transmission Electron Microscope (JEM-1230; JEOL, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was utilized to observe the morphology of EVs. Uptake experiments were performed with a PKH-67 labeling kit (Sigma, USA) for labeling EVs to observe cellular uptake of EVs.
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