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5 protocols using rabbit anti rhoa antibody

1

RhoA Activity Assay in JIMT-1 Cells

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JIMT-1 cells were cultured on Matrigel in complete EBM-2 medium. After the medium was replaced by Hank’s balanced salt solution with DMSO or 0.5 μM salinomycin, the cells were cultured for another 2 h. Occasionally, 2 μg/mL Rho Activator II was added 30 min prior to the addition of 0.5 μM salinomycin. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to GTP-bound Rho pulldown assays using an Active Rho Detection Kit (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) under the manufacturer’s instructions. RhoA was detected using rabbit anti-RhoA antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, #2117).
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2

Western Blotting of Cell-Hydrogel Constructs

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For western blotting, the cell-hydrogel constructs were washed twice with ice-cold PBS, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and lysed in hot laemmli buffer. The lysates were sonicated and microcentrifuged, and the protein concentrations were determined by Pierce 660 nm Protein Assay. The lysates were loaded into a 4–15% gradient precast gel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). The membranes were blocked in Odyssey Blocking Buffer (Li-Cor) and incubated in mouse monoclonal anti-osteocalcin (1:1000, Abcam), rabbit anti-RhoA antibody (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology) and mouse anti-human GAPDH (1:10,000, Invitrogen), respectively. Blots were imaged using the Odyssey Infrared system (Li-Cor) after incubation with secondary antibodies.
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3

Antibody Detection of Cytoskeletal Proteins

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Purified mouse-anti human DLC1 [clone 3, cat. no. 612021, diluted 1:1000 for western blotting (WB)], was obtained from BD Biosciences. Rabbit anti-phospho-paxillin (Y118) antibody (cat. no. 69363S, diluted 1:400 for immunofluorescence, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-phospho-MLC2 S19 antibody (cat. no. 3671S, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-MLC2 antibody (cat. no. 8505S, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-phospho-cofilin S3 antibody (cat. no. 3313S, 1:100 for WB), and rabbit anti-RhoA antibody (cat. no. 2117S, 1:1000 for WB) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Mouse monoclonal anti-YAP1 antibody (63.7, cat. no. sc-101199, diluted 1:100 for immunofluorescence) was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. As a loading control, we used rabbit polyclonal anti-β-actin (Cell Signaling, Cat. no. 4967S, diluted 1:1000 for WB). To visualize F-actin we used PromoFluor 415-Phalloidin (cat. no. PK-PF415-7-01, diluted 1:200 for immunofluorescence) or PromoFluor 488-Phalloidin (cat. no. PK-PF488P-7-01, diluted 1:200 for immunofluorescence) from PromoKine. To visualize the nucleus, DAPI (Invitrogen, diluted 1:1000 for immunofluorescence) was used. Secondary antibodies coupled to Alexa Fluor 488 or 594 were from Invitrogen (diluted 1:250 for immunofluorescence). Secondary antibodies coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were obtained from Bio-Rad (diluted 1:1000 for WB).
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4

Quantifying RhoA Activity in 2D and 3D

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HT1080 cells were plated on 2D substrates and inside 3D collagen I matrices and allowed to incubate for 48 h, which was the total duration of the motility experiments. A RhoA G-LISA kit (Cytoskeleton, Denver, CO, USA) was used to assess RhoA activity according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The amount of total RhoA was assessed using 12% SDS-PAGE and a more sensitive total RhoA ELISA (Cytoskeleton). Total RhoA blots used the same lysates used in the G-LISA assay. SDS-PAGE blots were probed with rabbit anti-RhoA antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) followed by anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase antibody (Cell Signaling Technology).
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5

Integrin-Mediated FAK Phosphorylation Dynamics

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The primary antibodies were anti-phospho-FAK antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, 8556, 1:1000 dilution), anti-FAK antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, 3285, 1:1000 dilution), and anti-integrin β1 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, 9699, 1:1000 dilution). Detection of the immunoreactions was described previously [20] . The intensity of each band was analyzed using ImageJ.
For analysis of phosphorylated FAK levels, cells were starved with medium containing 0.5% FBS for 18 h. Then, cells were trypsinized and suspended with medium containing 0.1% BSA. The suspended cells were incubated for 1 h at 37 ℃.
Cells were then plated onto a TC-coated culture dish. After a 1 h incubation, cells were harvested for analyses.
To obtain immunoprecipitated samples of integrin α6 complex, co-immunoprecipitation was performed with approximately 0.5 g of cells. A Dynabeads Co-Immunoprecipitation Kit (Veritas, DB14321, Tokyo, Japan) and the anti-FLAG M2 antibody were used. Additionally, 0.5% NP-40 was added to the extraction buffer from the kit.
Rho signals were detected with rabbit anti-RhoA antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, 8789, 1:667 dilution). RhoA activity was measured with RhoA G-LISA Activation Assay Kit (Cytoskeleton, BK124).
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