The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was determined in plasma from the BED donors following established methods [47 ]. Briefly, a solution of sodium acetate (EMDMillipore, Burlington, MA, USA), 2,4,6 tripyridyl-S-triazine (TPTZ, ACROS Organics, Geel, Belgium), and ferric chloride (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was incubated with plasma samples or ferrous sulfate (assay standard, Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) for 4 min at 37 °C. The absorbance was measured at 593 nm and standardized to the absorbance of the ferrous sulfate standard to derive the FRAP value (μmol/L). Four technical replicates were measured. The absorbance of the blank was subtracted from each measurement, and the FRAP value of each sample was determined using the following formula: (sample absorbance)/(assay standard absorbance) * (assay standard concentration (1000 μmol/L)).
Ferrous sulfate
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Ferrous sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula FeSO4. It is a crystalline solid that is commonly used as a source of iron in various applications, including as a dietary supplement and in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ferric chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
2 4 6 tripyridyl s triazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Serine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Kmno4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Polyethylenimine (pei), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Methacrylic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Anhydrous sodium sulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tetrachloroethylene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trichloroethylene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pvdf powder, by Polysciences (1 mentions)
N n methylenebisacrylamide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Potassium tetrachloropalladate 2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using ferrous sulfate
1
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay
2
Biochar-based MRSA Superbug Control
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Biochar was purchased from
Amazon, US Bio Carbon 6C soil. All other chemicals such as ferrous
sulfate, PEI, KNO3, NaOH, KMnO4, EDC, nitric
acid, Co(II), and other heavy metal salts were purchased from Fisher
Scientific and Sigma-Aldrich. MRSA superbugs and the growth media
for MRSA were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC, Rockville, MD).
Amazon, US Bio Carbon 6C soil. All other chemicals such as ferrous
sulfate, PEI, KNO3, NaOH, KMnO4, EDC, nitric
acid, Co(II), and other heavy metal salts were purchased from Fisher
Scientific and Sigma-Aldrich. MRSA superbugs and the growth media
for MRSA were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC, Rockville, MD).
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials
4
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation of Catechin
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All chemicals and solvents were analytical grade. Standard catechin was purchased from Sigma® (Sigma‐Aldrich, USA). Stock solutions of Standard catechin were freshly prepared for daily use. Stationary phase was TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 (20x10 cm) and thickness of 0.2 mm purchased from Merck (USA). Ethanol, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and mEthanol were purchased from Labscan (Dublin, Ireland). 2,20‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,4,6 tripyridyl‐s‐triazine (TPTZ), 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox), and linoleic acid were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tris base was purchased from Fisher Chem Alert (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Potassium persulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, and sodium acetate were purchased from Fisher Chemicals (Loughborough, UK). Hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, thiobarbituric acid, and ascorbic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
5
Analytical TNT Determination Protocol
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Analytical TNT (30 wt%) was obtained from Chem-Service (West Chester, PA, USA). The standard TNT solution (1000 µg/mL in acetonitrile), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4•7H2O, 95%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt%) and methanol (HPLC grade, 99.9%) were provided by Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
6
Characterization of Ferrous Sulfate Feedstock
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Example 1
Materials
All chemicals used in this study were analytical grade and purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, Pa.) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.). Commercially available ferrous sulfate was supplied by Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, Pa.). X-ray diffraction (“XRD”) analysis was used to confirm the presence of ferrous sulfate, a mixture of melanterite (FeSO4. 7H2O), and rozenite (FeSO4. 4H2O) was found. Water used in this study was 18.2 MΩ milli-Q water. Corn stover used as biomass feedstock in this study was collected from one of the agricultural farms of Iowa State University.
Data Handling
Production of the CS-control and ISIB was done in single batches; however, all chemical analyses and characterizations were done in triplicate. Data sets presented in this study are expressed as arithmetic means of triplicates with standard deviations.
7
Preparation of Caseinates from Goat and Cow Milk
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Goat and cow caseinate were prepared by isoelectric precipitation of reconstituted goat (predominantly Saanen) or cow milk powder obtained from Dairy Goat Co-operative (Hamilton, New Zealand), and Fonterra Co-operative (purchased from Milligans Food Group Ltd., Oamaru, New Zealand), respectively. Briefly, the skim milk powders were hydrated to 10% (wt/wt) and acidified to pH 4.6 for cow and 4.2 for goat milk at 15°C. The solutions were warmed to 30°C and the precipitate collected by centrifugation. The precipitates were caseinated by addition of sodium hydroxide to pH 6.7 and freeze-dried. We obtained ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium molybdate, disodium tetraborate, and sodium sulfite from BDH Chemicals (Poole, UK); hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, and ferrous sulfate from Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK); hydrogen peroxide, disodium EDTA, and sodium chloride from LabServ (Biolab, Australia); o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), dithiothreitol, serine, ferrozine, and neocuprione from Sigma (St. Louis, MO); Eriochromeback T indicator from Riedel-de Haën (Seelze, Germany); and trypsin (Pancreatic Trypsin Novo 6.0S) from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). All water was MilliQ grade, and all other chemicals were analytical grade. The spectrophotometer used throughout was Pharmica UV/visible Ultrospec II (LKB, Biochem, Cambridge, UK).
8
Antioxidant Assay Protocol: Comprehensive Analysis
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Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and potassium persulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, and phosphoric acid from Univar (Ajax Finechem, Taren Point, Australia). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was obtained from Fluka Chemikal (Buchs, Switzerland). 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine (TPTZ), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl chromane 2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard chemicals, including tryptophan, serotonin, delphinidin, gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PCCA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HO), chlorogenic acid (ChA), vanillic acid (VA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), ferulic acid (FA) and sinapic acid (SA), were products of Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard melatonin was obtained from Shanghai Chemical (Hubei, China). Trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile were supplied by ACI Labscan (Bangkok, Thailand). All organic solvents and reagents for HPLC were of an analytical grade.
9
Pineapple Extract Antimicrobial Evaluation
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Trichloroacetic acid, o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), trifluoroacetic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), salicylic acid, vancomycin, clindamycin, sodium azide, and serine were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO), whereas acetonitrile was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Hydrogen peroxide, ferrous sulfate, and potassium ferricyanide were obtained from Ajax Finechem (Seven Hills, NSW, Australia). Bacteriological agar, M17 medium, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium, and peptone were supplied by Oxoid Australia (West Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia), whereas Davis minimal agar was purchased from Becton Dickinson Pty Ltd. (Sydney, NSW, Australia). Skim milk powder was procured from a local store (Woolworths Limited, Melbourne, Australia). Aqueous solutions were prepared in Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ•cm) obtained from a Millipore water-purification system (Millipore, North Ryde, Australia). Whole pineapples were purchased from a local supermarket (Woolworths Limited).
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