Liquiritigenin

Four weeks after treatment, 60 rats (n = 20 per group) were randomly selected and equally divided into ERα group and ERβ group. Five rats were randomly selected from the SHAM group and OVX + E group of ERα group, the antagonists of ERα (AZD9496, HY-12870, MedChemExpress) were injected into POA, and the agonists of ERα (Propyl pyrazole triol, HY-100689, MedChemExpress) were injected into POA of the five rats randomly selected from the OVX group. Five rats were randomly selected from SHAM group and OVX + E group of ERβ group to inject antagonists of ERβ (PHTPP, HY-103456, MedChemExpress) into POA, and five rats from OVX group were randomly selected to inject agonists of ERβ (Liquiritigenin, HY-N0377, MedChemExpress) into POA. Other rats were given the same volume of cosolvent (10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline, MedChemExpress) in POA. After 72 h of drug injection, the POA was removed according to the above method, and the mRNA and protein expression of Vglut2 and Vgat in POA were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. The details on the primary and secondary antibodies of vglut2 and vgat are shown in Supplementary Table 1.1, and the details on the primers of vglut2 and vgat are shown in Supplementary Table 1.2.

7,4’-Dihydroxyflavone (HPLC≥ 98%, MedChemExpress), kumatakenin (HPLC≥ 98%, MedChemExpress), quercetin (HPLC≥ 98%, MedChemExpress), liquiritigenin (HPLC≥ 98%, MedChemExpress), and SZC (Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China). The obtained reagents were dissolved in DMSO.