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96 protocols using oxiselect tbars assay kit

1

Quantifying Liver Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress

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Serum glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed by enzymatic enzyme methods (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). For hepatic triglyceride (TG) quantification, lipid was extracted as described in a previous study [28 (link)]. Briefly, liver tissue was homogenized in 1 mL solution containing 5% Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) substitute (Amresco, Solon, OH, USA). The homogenates were slowly heated to 80–100°C in a water bath for 2–5 min until the NP-40 became cloudy, then cooled down to room temperature. Samples were then centrifuged for 2 min to remove any insoluble materials. Hepatic TG levels were measured by enzymatic assay (Sigma-Aldrich) and normalized to their respective protein concentrations. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in the liver tissue were measured by a OxiSelectTM TBARS assay kit (Cell Biolabs, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol, normalized to their respective protein concentrations, and expressed as fold change compared to LETO control group.
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Hepatic Antioxidant Enzyme Levels

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Intrahepatic levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 25 mg frozen liver tissue in each mouse using Mouse catalase ELISA Kit (CUnited StatesBIO, Houston, TX, United States), Mouse Super Oxidase Dimutase, SOD ELISA Kit (CUnited StatesBIO) and OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States), according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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3

Lipid Peroxidation Quantification using TBARS Assay

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TBARS, which can screen and monitor lipid peroxidation level, was measured with the OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). To draw the MDA standard curve, the MDA concentration was diluted from 125 mM to 0 mM and prepared in 9 tubes (125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, 7.81, 3.91, 1.95, 0.98, 0) [35 ]. A standard solution and a sample containing MDA (a solution obtained by homogenizing brain tissue) were prepared in duplicates. 100 ml of the standard or sample were placed in separate microcentrifuge tubes, 100 ml of a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution was added, mixed well, and incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature. There-after, 250 ml of TBA reagent was added, the tube was closed, incubated at 95°C for 60 minutes, and then placed in an ice bath for 5 minutes to cool the tube. After centrifuging all samples at 3,000 rpm for 15 minutes, 200 ml of samples were placed in a 96-well microplate. The plate was read at 540 nm excitation and 590 nm emission with a fluorometer (Wallac 1420 Explorer; PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Turku, Finland). The values measured twice, averaged, and substituted into an MDA standard curve using standard reagents ranging from 0 mM to 125 mM to determine the MDA values in the tissue samples.
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Lipid Peroxidation Quantification via TBARS Assay

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Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) has been used for MDA assay for screening and monitoring lipid peroxidation. MDA quantification was performed using OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (STA-310, Cell Biolabs, Inc.) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Quantifying Lipid Peroxidation via TBARS Assay

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Lipid peroxidation was quantified with OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (STA-330, Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) by following the protocol set by the manufacturer. Samples were allowed to react with thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and the resultant mixture was measured at 532 nm.
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6

Malondialdehyde Quantification in Liver Samples

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Malondialdehyde (MDA) of samples was determined with the OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). A 100 μL sample was mixed with 100 μL 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) lysis solution in a microcentrifuge tube and incubated for 5 min at room temperature. Then, 1X 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) diluent (250 μL) was added. The mixture was allowed to incubate at 100 °C for 50 min. After that, the tube was removed and placed into an ice bath for 5 min. The tube was centrifuged at 9000 rpm, 4 °C for 15 min. The supernatant of sample (200 μL) was transferred to a 96-well microplate. Absorbance was measured at 532 nm. MDA standard solution was used as standard. TBARS of liver supernatant were expressed as nanomole of MDA equivalents per gram protein.
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7

Lipid Peroxidation Assay in CRL-2014 Cells

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CRL-2014 cells were plated into 24-well plates at a density of 1.5 × 106 cells per well in complete medium. Pre-confluent cells were then exposed to different concentrations of F and/or AgNPs in serum-free medium as above for 24 hours at 37°C. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a measure of lipid peroxidation, was measured using an OxiselectTM TBARS Assay kit (Cell Biolabs Inc., Cambridge, UK) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Fluorescent measurements were recorded on a plate reader (FLUOstar OPTIMA) at excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 and 530 nm, respectively. The concentration of MDA in test samples was calculated using MDA standards as the reference. The concentration of MDA in F and/or AgNPs-treated cells is presented as the fold increase of MDA production over the control (untreated cells).
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8

Lung Cytokine and Oxidative Stress Assay

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Concentrations of cytokines and oxidative modification products were determined in 10% (weight/volume) lung homogenate prepared using 0.1 M ice-cold phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) by Polytron homogenizer PT 1200 E (5-times for 25 s, 1200 rpm; Kinematica AG, Switzerland). Homogenates were then frozen 3 times and centrifuged (12,000 rpm, 15 min, 4 °C). Final supernatants were then stored at −70 °C until the analysis was performed.
Concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 (USCN Life Science Inc., Wuhan, China), and RAGE (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA) were quantified using rabbit-specific ELISA kits according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Data were expressed in pg/mL.
Protein oxidative damage was determined using OxiSelectTM Nitrotyrosine ELISA Kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Data were expressed in 3-nitrotyrosine nanomole concentration (nM, 3NT). Lipid oxidative damage expressed by the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) was determined by OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Data were expressed as malondialdehyde in micromole concentration (μM MDA).
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using an ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Data were expressed as micromole concentration of copper reducing equivalents (μM CRE).
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9

Adipose Tissue Lipid Peroxidation Assay

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Adipose tissue lipid peroxidation was measured with OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (#STA-330, Cell Biolabs, Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), as per the guidelines set by the manufacturer. Briefly, samples were incubated with lysis buffer and allowed to react with thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Cooled samples were centrifuged to collect the supernatant, and absorbance was measured at 532 nm.
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10

Plasma Lipid Peroxidation Assay

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Lipid peroxidation levels in plasma were estimated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and expressed in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, which is the product of lipid peroxidation by using the OxiSelectTM TBARS assay kit (Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).
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