Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Manufactured by American Type Culture Collection

Sourced in United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Australia, United Kingdom, Italy, Malaysia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterial strain available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). It is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium commonly found in soil and water environments. This strain can be used for various research and testing purposes.

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349 protocols using pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis Extracts

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Determination of the antimicrobial activity of the crude powdered propolis, ethanol extract, fractions and formononetin was carried out by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The following bacteria species were tested: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13150, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermides ATCC 12228, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC P-12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC P-03; for antifungal tests: Candida albicans ATCC 76645, Candida albicans LM P-20, Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803, Candida tropicalis LM 6, Cryptococcus neoformans ICB 59, Cryptococcus neoformans LM 2601. The culture medium for tests was RPMI 1640 with l-glutamine and no bicarbonate (Sigma–Aldrich^®) for antifungal activity assays and nutrient broth (Difco Laboratories/USA/FRANCE) for the antibacterial activity tests. The inoculum was prepared from colonies taken from recently-grown cultures in appropriate media incubated at 35–37 °C for 24–48 h for bacteria and 24–72 h for yeast. The colonies were suspended in sterile 0.9% NaCl. The inoculum suspensions were shaken for 2 min and the inoculum density was adjusted to the turbidity of a 0.5 McFarland standard with sterile saline (equivalent to 1–5 × 10⁶ cfu/mL).10 (link), 11 , 12 , 13

das Neves M.V., da Silva T.M., Lima E.D., da Cunha E.V, & Oliveira E.D. (2016). Isoflavone formononetin from red propolis acts as a fungicide against Candida sp. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 47(1), 159-166.

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Microbial Diversity in Clinical and Standard Isolates

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Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) and Escherichia coli (NCTC 9001) were supplied by the National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC, Health Protection Agency Center for Infection, London, UK). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876), Shewanella putrefaciens (ATCC 8071), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical isolate), Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 26944), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) were sourced from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, In Vitro Technologies Pty, Ltd., Melbourne, Australia).

Zhou Y., Phan A.D., Akter S., Bobasa E.M., Seididamyeh M., Sivakumar D, & Sultanbawa Y. (2023). Bioactive Properties of Kakadu Plum-Blended Products. Molecules, 28(6), 2828.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils

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Ten microbial species (obtained from Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA) were tested for their susceptibility to the selected essential oils: Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 14468), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 14775), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC BAA-44), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 12344), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35554), antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19429), Bordetella bronchiseptica (ATCC 10580), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Obtained lyphophilized samples were initially grown on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) slants at 37 °C for 24 h. These stock cultures were stored at 4 °C and transferred to a fresh TSA slant on a monthly basis.

Abers M., Schroeder S., Goelz L., Sulser A., St. Rose T., Puchalski K, & Langland J. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of the volatile substances from essential oils. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21, 124.

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Microbial Strain Collection for Research

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Bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium adolescentis Ni,29c (clinical isolate), Bifidobacterium breve (from probiotic VSL#3) and Streptococcous salivarius ssp. thermophiles DSM 20617 were obtained from Ardeypharm (Germany). Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli K12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 as well as antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were provided by the Department for Laboratory Medicine at Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Germany. Candida albicans SC5314 was obtained from Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann (Institute of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland).

Wendler J., Schroeder B.O., Ehmann D., Koeninger L., Mailänder-Sánchez D., Lemberg C., Wanner S., Schaller M., Stange E.F., Malek N.P., Weidenmaier C., LeibundGut-Landmann S, & Wehkamp J. (2019). Proteolytic Degradation of reduced Human Beta Defensin 1 generates a Novel Antibiotic Octapeptide. Scientific Reports, 9, 3640.

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Antimicrobial Evaluation of Synthesized Compounds

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The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed against 11 microbial strains: 5 Gram-negative, Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATTC) 25922, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (wild-type strain isolated from clinical sample), Acinetobacter baumannii (wild-type strain isolated from clinical sample), and 6 Gram-positive, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus MSSA (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus aureus MLSB of inducible phenotype with resistance to macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B antibiotics (wild-type strain isolated from clinical sample), Micrococcus luteus Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM) 1944, Streptococcus mutans (wild-type strain isolated from dental plaque). Bacterial strains were cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI, Oxoid) medium at 37 °C for 24 h. After incubation, microbial suspension was diluted with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to 10⁸ CFU/mL (turbidity = McFarland barium sulfate standard 0.5).

Goszczyńska A., Kwiecień H, & Fijałkowski K. (2015). Synthesis and antibacterial activity of Schiff bases and amines derived from alkyl 2-(2-formyl-4-nitrophenoxy)alkanoates. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 24(9), 3561-3577.

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Antimicrobial Bioassay of Plant Extracts

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For the bioassays, eight bacteria species were used, including three Gram-negative: Escherichia coli (ATCC 35210), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 13311), and five Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes (NCTC 7973), Bacillus cereus (human isolate), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 10240), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). A resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, used to determine antibiofilm activity and for the assessment of synergism between major constituent of methanol extracts, was obtained as described in Kartsev et al. [34 (link)].
Seven fungal species were also used: Aspergillus ochraceus (ATCC 12066), A. niger (ATCC 6275), A. fumigatus (ATCC 9197), A. verrucosum (ATCC 11730), Penicillium funiculosum (ATCC 36839), P. ochrochloron (ATCC 9112), and P.v. cyclopium (food isolate). All of the organisms tested were from the Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, IBISS-UB. The micromycetes were maintained on malt agar (MA), and bacteria on Mueller–Hinton agar medium (MH). Cultures were stored at 4 °C and sub-cultured once per month.

Aničić N., Gašić U., Lu F., Ćirić A., Ivanov M., Jevtić B., Dimitrijević M., Anđelković B., Skorić M., Nestorović Živković J., Mao Y., Liu J., Tang C., Soković M., Ye Y, & Mišić D. (2021). Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Activities of Two Endemic Nepeta Species and Their Major Iridoids Isolated from Natural Sources. Pharmaceuticals, 14(5), 414.

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Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Isolates

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Bacterial isolates Gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, and Gram negative, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were collected from biological samples of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, provided by the Hospital Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD), under the research collaboration protocol established in 2004, belonging to the MJS collection. These bacteria were previously identified by biochemical methods (API 20E, API 20NE, API Staphy (BioMérieux)) and by molecular methods, namely, the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial isolates were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Table 1). Prior to the antimicrobial activity tests, the isolates were cultured on BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) agar for 24 h at 37 °C.Table 1

Bacterial isolates tested.

Bacterial isolates	Source	Class
Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15,313	American Type Culture Collection	Gram +
Staphylococcus aureus MJS241	Clinical-human gastrointestinal segment	Gram +
Enterococcus faecalis MJS257	Clinical-human gastrointestinal segment	Gram +
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10,145	American Type Culture Collection	Gram -
Escherichia coli MJS260	Clinical-human gastrointestinal segment	Gram -
Klebsiella pneumoniae MJS281	Clinical-human gastrointestinal segment	Gram -

Leal C., Santos R.A., Pinto R., Queiroz M., Rodrigues M., José Saavedra M., Barros A, & Gouvinhas I. (2020). Recovery of bioactive compounds from white grape (Vitis vinifera L.) stems as potential antimicrobial agents for human health. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(4), 1009-1015.

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Bacterial Strain Identification and Maintenance

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Ten American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) pure cultures of bacteria were obtained from the Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Fort Hare, South Africa. The test organisms used include Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus subtilis KZN, Plesiomonas shigelloides ATCC 51903, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 19582, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352. The isolates were maintained on nutrient agar at 4°C.

Olajuyigbe O.O., Adedayo O, & Coopoosamy R.M. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Defatted and Nondefatted Methanolic Extracts of Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria of Clinical Importance. The Scientific World Journal, 2020, 4808432.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Strains

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For this study, seventeen type strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29737), S. aureus (NCTC 6571), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 12344), S. pneumonia (ATCC 10015), S. agalactiae (ATCC12386), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), E. faecalis (ATCC 49532), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (ATCC 29970), Proteus mirabilis (NCIMB 13283), Enterobacter Aerogenes (ATCC13048), E. aerogenes (NCIMB 10102), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 11774), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 9633), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228) were examined. In addition, 10 clinical isolates of S. aureus, S. typhimurium, E. coli, S. pneumonia and K. pneumonia were also used. To verify the accuracy of the susceptibility results, strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) were used as control organisms.

Anwer M.K., Iqbal M., Muharram M.M., Mohammad M., Ezzeldin E., Aldawsari M.F., Alalaiwe A, & Imam F. (2020). Development of Lipomer Nanoparticles for the Enhancement of Drug Release, Anti-Microbial Activity and Bioavailability of Delafloxacin. Pharmaceutics, 12(3), 252.

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Antimicrobial Activity of INH-Mg/Al LDH Nanocomposites

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The synthesized INH-Mg/Al LDH nanocomposites were tested for their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as Candida albicans using the plate colony counting method; the percentage of inhibition was calculated as described previously.33 (link) The microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC 20408) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA, USA).

Saifullah B., Arulselvan P., El Zowalaty M.E., Fakurazi S., Webster T.J., Geilich B.M, & Hussein M.Z. (2014). Development of a biocompatible nanodelivery system for tuberculosis drugs based on isoniazid-Mg/Al layered double hydroxide. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9, 4749-4762.

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