For the wound healing assay, cells were inoculated in 6-well plates, a scratch wound was created with a sterile 10 μl pipette tip after cell growth fusion up to 100% and floating cells were removed by washing with 1 × PBS. Photographs were taken under a 100× inverted microscope at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h after scratching.
Transwell assay was used to measure cell migration. Cells were inoculated into transwell chambers at a density of 2*10^5 in 200ul of serum-free medium according to different groups, and then the chambers were placed in 24-well plates with 500ul of medium containing 10% serum. After incubation at 37 °C, 5% CO2 for 24h, the chambers were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Biosharp, BL539A), stained with 0.1% crystal violet stain solution (Solarbio, G1063), and photographed under the microscope.