Gallic acid, rat intestinal acetone powder, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, 4-methylumbelliferone, glucose oxidase kits and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid p-nitrophenylbutylrate (p-NPB), oleic acid, phosphatidylcholine, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, porcine cholesterol esterase, porcine pancreatic lipase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cholesterol test kits were purchased from HUMAN GmbH Co. (Wiesbaden, Germany). Total bile acid kit was purchased from Bio-Quant Co. (San Diego, CA, USA). All other chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Rat intestinal acetone powder
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, France
Rat intestinal acetone powder is a biological material derived from the intestinal tissue of rats. It contains various enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules found in the rat intestinal tract. The powder is used for research and analytical purposes in laboratories, typically as a source of specific enzymes or other biomolecules of interest.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acarbose, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Porcine pancreatic lipase, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Porcine pancreatic α amylase, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
3 5 dinitrosalicylic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Maltose, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
4 nitrophenyl α d glucopyranoside, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glucose oxidase kit, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Porcine cholesterol esterase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Taurocholic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Taurodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Orlistat, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α glucosidase from, by Sisco Research Laboratories (2 mentions)
Para nitrophenyl glucopyranoside, by Sisco Research Laboratories (2 mentions)
Starch, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
P nitrophenyl α d glucopyranoside pnpg, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
35 protocols using rat intestinal acetone powder
1
Measurement of Digestive Enzyme Activity
2
Extraction and Characterization of Trapa bispinosa Pericarp Bioactive Compounds
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The TBE was prepared as follows: the Trapa bispinosa pericarp cultivated in Thailand was dried, sterilized, and crushed at ambient conditions, followed by extraction with hot water (approximately six times the weight of the water chestnut pericarp). Dextrin was added to the extracted liquid so that the ratio of chestnut pericarp water extract to dextrin would be 67:33 using the dry weight. TBE was obtained after spray drying the extract and its moisture content was less than 10%. Ellagic acid, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (PTB), and aminoguanidine hydrochloride were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione (PPD) and rat intestinal acetone powder were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMS-CHN2) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Each polyphenol specimen was used compounds isolated from natural sources held in our library: gallotannins [37 (link),38 (link),39 (link),40 (link),41 (link),42 (link),43 (link),44 (link)], 1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d -glucose [45 (link)], cornusiin G [8 ], brevifolincarboxylic acid [39 (link)], urolithin M5 [46 (link)], and valoneic acid dilactone [41 (link)].
3
In Vitro Digestibility of Isomaltulose
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To estimate the digestibility of IMD in humans, digestion tests in vitro were carried out by using salivary amylase, synthetic gastric juice, pancreatic juice amylase, and rat small intestine mucosal enzyme. Human saliva was supplied by the examiner. Synthetic gastric juice was prepared by the method of Fujita et al. [10 ]. Porcine-derived pancreatic α-amylase (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) was purchased. Rat intestinal acetone powder (Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) was used as a small intestine mucosal enzyme. The in vitro digestion studies except the small intestine mucosal enzyme were performed by the method of Fujita et al. [10 ]. The digestion test of small intestine mucosal enzyme was carried out by the method of Ichikawa et al. [11 ] and Oku et al. [12 (link)]. The controlled carbohydrate was used above-mentioned MD in this test.
4
Biochemical Assays for Antioxidant Activity
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Folin-Cioclateu’s phenol reagent, gallic acid, porcine pancreatic α-amylase (Type VI-B), rat intestinal acetone powder, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V), aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG), guanidine hydrochloride, thioflavin T, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), D-maltose, D-fructose, D-glucose, sucrose, and iron (II) sulfate were purchased from Ajax Finechem (Taren Point, Australia). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, FR, Germany). A glucose liquid color kit was purchased from HUMAN Gesellschaft für Biochemica und Diagnostica mbH (Wiesbaden, Germany). Acarbose was purchased from Bayer AG Pharmaceutical (Berlin, Germany). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) was obtained from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). All other chemicals used in this study were analytical grade.
5
Immobilized α-Glucosidase Assay Protocol
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Rat intestinal acetone powder, purchase from Sigma Aldrich, was used to obtain partially purified α-glucosidase. Enzymatic immobilization was done according to Hano et al. [32 (link)] on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B. Hano et al. [32 (link)] proposed chromogenic method was employed to evaluate enzymatic activity using end capped 0.45 μm polyethylene filter column. Briefly, intestinal fluid (1mL) was used to perform assay containing 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (5mM, 4NPG; Sigma). After half hour incubation at room temperature, solution was column filtered to stop reaction and sodium carbonate (1M) solution was added in equal volume. Increase in absorbance value compared to blank at 405 nm was used to determine enzymatic activity. The % enzyme inhibition for each sample was calculated by subtraction of absorbance values in the presence and absence of calli extracts.
6
Extruded Adzuki Bean Flour Substitution
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Wheat flour (WF, High gluten, Beijing Yihai Kerry Grain, Oil and Food Industrial Co., Ltd) and adzuki bean were obtained from the local market of Beijing. Adzuki bean were ground in a laboratory mill and passed through an 80 mesh sieve. Extruded adzuki bean flour (EABF) was prepared by a twin laboratory screw extruder typed DS56 (Saixin machinery) according to our previous method (Yao & Ren, 2014 ). WF was partially substituted by EABF with a ratio of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% to gain different flour blends, respectively. Rat intestinal acetone powder was purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. All other analytical chemicals used were purchased from Beijing Chemical Reagent.
7
Chitosan-Based Antioxidant and Enzymatic Assays
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Chitosan (MW: ~2100 kDa and DDA: 85%, determined using gel permeation chromatography and 1H-NMR, respectively) was purchased from Marine Bio Resources Co., Ltd., Samutsakhon, Thailand. Ascorbic acid and H2O2 (50%, v/v) were acquired from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. GAL, FER, CAF, CAT, and EGCG were obtained from Xi’an Julong Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. (Xi’an, China). Further, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, rat intestinal acetone powder, acarbose, orlistat, 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (PNP-glycoside), and 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MU) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chemicals used for AO activities were also acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Microbial media were bought from HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India.
8
Rat Intestinal α-Glucosidase Inhibition Assay
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The α-Glucosidase inhibition was performed using rat intestinal acetone powder (Sigma-Aldrich/Merck) as a crude enzyme extract, as described previously [21 (link)]. Briefly, crude enzyme extract (250 mg) diluted in sodium phosphate buffer (10 mL; 0.1 M, pH 7.0) was centrifuged (5000× g, 20 min, 4 °C), and the supernatant was collected. To 50 µL of each extract (at 0.5 or 1 mg/mL), 100 µL of supernatant was added, and the mixture was incubated for 10 min at room temperature. Then, 50 µL of p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (5 mM, in sodium phosphate buffer) were added, and the mixture was further incubated (30 min, 37 °C). After incubation, the absorbance was measured at 405 nm. Acarbose (1 mg/mL) was used as the positive control. Inhibition (%) was calculated according to Equation (1).
9
Spectroscopic Characterization of Phytochemical Compounds
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Rat intestinal acetone powder was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis (USA), Acarbose was purchased from Glucobay Bayer AG (Germany). Porcine pancreatic α-Amylase and Yeast α-Glucosidase were purchased from SRL, Mumbai (India). Glucose oxidase (GOD POD) kit was purchased from Piramal HealthCare Ltd, Mumbai (India). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis (USA) and SRL, Mumbai (India). All IR spectra were obtained in KBr disc on a Shimadzu FT-IR 157 Spectrometer. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker WH-200 (400 MZ) spectrometer in CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 as solvent, using TMS as an internal standard and chemical shifts are expressed as ppm. Mass spectra were determined on a Shimadzu LC-MS. The elemental analyses were carried out using an Elemental Vario Cube CHNS rapid Analyzer. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC pre-coated silica gel G plates.
10
Chitosan-Based Enzyme Inhibition Assay
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