Strains were maintained and grown under standard conditions and as described. Ampicillin (Amp) and streptomycin (Str) were used at 100µg/ml for Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. Bile (bile bovine B3883; Sigma) was prepared as previously described (Alam et al., 2010 (link)). Clone Manager Professional Suite, version 9 (Sci-Ed Software) was used for sequence analysis.
Bile bovine b3883
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Bile bovine (B3883) is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a natural material derived from bovine bile. This product is commonly used as a component in various biochemical and cell culture applications, but its specific core function is to provide a source of bile salts and other bile-derived compounds for research purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyanidin 3 glucoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 hydroxyl 2 5 7 8 tetramethyl 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cellulose dialysis membrane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pancreatin from porcine pancreas p7545, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pepsin from porcine stomach, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoflavone standards, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using bile bovine b3883
1
Bacterial Cultivation and Sequence Analysis
2
In vitro Protein Digestion Protocol
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Whey protein isolate (WPI), BiPRO, was purchased from Davisco Foods international INC, USA. The protein content was 88.48% (w/w) of dry powder measured by the Kjeldahl method in duplicate (in-house analytical service). Milk protein concentrate (MPC), Solmiko ® MPC 80 (80% caseins: 20% whey proteins), was obtained from Glanbia Ingredients, Ireland. The protein content was 79.23% (w/w) of dry powder measured by the Kjeldahl method in duplicate (in-house analytical service). Rapeseed oil was purchased from a local supermarket (Tesco, Ireland). Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (P7012), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (P7545) and bile bovine (B3883) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louise, MO, USA), and their activities were measured according the assays detailed in Brodkorb, Egger, Alminger, Alvito, Assuncao, Ballance, et al. (2019) . Pepsin had an activity of 3555.12 units/mg protein, pancreatin had an activity of 6.48 units/mg based on trypsin and bile extract had a concentration of 1.90 mmol/L. Deuterated Leu (5,5,5-D3, 99%), Ile (D10, 98%) and Val (D8, 98%) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (CK Isotopes Ltd., Leicestershire, UK). MilliQ ® water was used for the preparation of samples and digestion fluids.
3
Comparative Analysis of Milk Powder Digestion
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Whole milk powders made from cow, goat and sheep milk were used in the study. Cow milk powder was provided by Miraka Ltd. (Taupo, New Zealand). Goat milk powder was provided by NIG Nutritionals Ltd. (Auckland, New Zealand). Sheep milk powder was provided by Spring Sheep Milk Co. (Hamilton, New Zealand). For all the milk powders, the milk was pasteurized and homogenized during the manufacturing process and then spray-dried. The compositions of the milk powders were determined at the Massey University Nutrition Laboratory (Palmerston North, New Zealand) and presented in Table 1 . The cow milk powder was higher in carbohydrate and lower in fat and crude protein than the goat and sheep milk powder. In contrast, the sheep milk powder was lowest in carbohydrate and highest in protein and fat. The goat milk powder was intermediate in fat content and closer to the sheep milk powder in protein and carbohydrate contents.
Porcine pepsin (P7000), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (8 × USP specifications, P7545) and bile bovine (B3883) used in digestion studies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from BDH Chemicals (BDH Ltd., Poole, UK) or Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise specified.
Porcine pepsin (P7000), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (8 × USP specifications, P7545) and bile bovine (B3883) used in digestion studies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from BDH Chemicals (BDH Ltd., Poole, UK) or Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise specified.
4
Blueberry Phytochemical Characterization
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Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were purchased from a local market in Chillán (36°36′24″ S 72°06′12″ W, XVI Región del Ñuble, Chile), and the fruits were stored at 4 °C until processing. Gelatin from bovine powder skin type B (G9382), sucrose, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, catequin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), and 6-hydroxyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Loius, MO, USA). Glucose syrup 42 DE was acquired locally from Furet Ltd. (Chillán, Chile). Standards and enzymes used to simulate in vitro digestion, such as human salivary α-amylase (1031), porcine pepsin (P6887), porcine pancreatin (H2625), and bovine bile (B3883), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Loius, MO, USA). Calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and potassium chloride (KCl) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure and distilled water were used for the preparation of all aqueous solutions.
5
In Vitro Digestion of Fruit-Soymilk Blend
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Isoflavone standards (daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein, glycitein) , pepsin from porcine stomach (≥250 units per mg solid, P7000), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (P7545), bovine bile (B3883), and the cellulose dialysis membrane (molecular weight cutoff of 12000 Da) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).
J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Lleida, Spain. These fruits were washed, peeled and the juice was extracted. The freshly-squeezed juice was filtered with a cheesecloth using a vacuum pump. A blended fruit juice was obtained by mixing 40% of orange, 33% of kiwi, 13.5% of pineapple and 13.5% of mango juices. The soymilk (Yosoy, Girona, Spain) was also purchased from a local supermarket.
J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Lleida, Spain. These fruits were washed, peeled and the juice was extracted. The freshly-squeezed juice was filtered with a cheesecloth using a vacuum pump. A blended fruit juice was obtained by mixing 40% of orange, 33% of kiwi, 13.5% of pineapple and 13.5% of mango juices. The soymilk (Yosoy, Girona, Spain) was also purchased from a local supermarket.
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