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7 protocols using 488 nm laser

1

Heat Shock and MG-132 Stress Response

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BY4741 wt strains were transformed with heat shock reporter constructs, grown to mid-log phase at 30 °C and subjected to either a mild heat shock at 38 °C or 2.5 mM MG for 45 min. Afterwards, one half of the cell culture was directly fixed in PFA (see PFA-fixation prior to fluorescence microscopy) or recovered for 30 min at 30 °C prior to PFA-fixation. GFP expression was analysed by flow cytometry at a low flow rate in BD FACSCanto, equipped with a 488 nm laser (BD Biosciences). For each sample 50,000 events were collected. Average GFP intensity was determined using BD FACSDiva Software Version 6.1.3.
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2

Transfection Efficiency Determination by FACS

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Transfection efficiency was determined after delivery of a fluorescence-labeled (5′6-FAM [fluorescein]) control sequence (QIAGEN, #339136) to cells with Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #11668-019). Cells without delivery were used as a negative control for setting the gating region. The percentage of cells that pass the gating threshold was counted for each sample. 10,000 events were acquired per sample on a FACSCalibur flow cytometer equipped with a 488-nm laser (BD Biosciences), and data analysis was processed using CellQuest Pro software (BD Biosciences).
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3

Immunophenotyping and Cell Cycle Analysis

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Cells were stained using antibodies directed against: CD43-APC,
B220-FITC, CD19-APC-Cy7, CD43-PE, Streptavidin-APC-Cy7, IgM-FITC, CD16/CD32 Fc
receptor block (all from BD Biosciences), CD19-eFluor450, B220-PerCP-Cy5.5,
BP1-biotinylated and IgD-APC (all from eBiosciences). For cell-cycle analysis 1
x 106 cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI, 50 μg/ml)
in a hypotonic lysis buffer (0.1% sodium citrate, 0.1% triton X-100, 100
μg/ml RNAse) and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. Analysis of
apoptotic fractions was performed by staining with Annexin V and 7-AAD from the
Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit eFluor® 450 (eBiosciences)
following manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were analyzed using a FACS
Canto II flow cytometer equipped with 488, 633 and 405 nm lasers (BD
Biosciences). FACS-Plots and calculations were done using the FACS Diva software
version 6.1.2 (BD Biosciences). High-purity FACS-sorting was performed on a FACS
Aria III equipped with a 488 nm laser (BD Biosciences) as described (2 ).
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4

Purification of mCherry+ Cells for Immunoblotting

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To purify mCherry+ve cells for subsequent immunoblotting, cells transfected with the Hsp-encoding bicistronic constructs were harvested with trypsin 48 h post-transfection. Samples were washed twice in PBS (pH 7.4; 5 min, 300 × g) and resuspended in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) buffer (25 mM HEPES, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5% w/v bovine serum albumin in PBS, pH 7.0). Cell clumps were removed by straining through a 40 µm nylon mesh before analysis on an S3e Cell Sorter equipped with a 561-nm laser (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). mCherry+ve cells were sorted such that 300,000 cells were recovered.
To confirm that cells resolved in the iPop did indeed have inclusions, cells were transfected to express mFluc-EGFP and fixed in 1% (w/v) PFA in PBS (pH 7.4) for 30 min on ice. Samples were washed twice in PBS (5 min, 300 × g) and resuspended in FACS buffer. Cells were sorted on a FACSAriaII equipped with a 488-nm laser (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) at the MWAC BRIL Flow Cytometry Facility, University of New South Wales.
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5

FACS Analysis of Estrogen-Induced Cells

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VDY6175 and VDY6176 cells were grown to saturation in SC + 2% glucose media. Cells were subsequently back-diluted to an OD600 0.1 in SC + 2% glucose + 1 μM beta-estradiol and grown for 3–4 hours until an OD600 0.5 was reached. Cells were back-diluted once more to an OD600 of 0.1 and 5-Ph-IAA or DMSO was added to a final concentration of 5 μM. At the indicated time points, translation was arrested with cycloheximide (50 μg/mL) and samples were immediately measured using a FACSymphony A3 analyzer (BD Biosciences) using the 488 nm laser (FITC). 10,000 cells were measured for each sample and medians/histograms were collected using Bioconductor packages flowCore and flowViz.
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6

Plasma Cytokine and Enzyme Analysis

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Plasma cytokine levels were analyzed using a mouse cytometric bead array inflammation kit (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA) on a FACSCalibur flow cytometer equipped with a 488-nm laser (BD Immunocytometry Systems),
according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Plasma amylase, ALT, and AST levels were determined enzymatically with an autoanalyzer (Fuji Dri-Chem 3500, Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan).
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7

Cytokine, Prostaglandin, and Ketone Analysis

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Plasma interleukin-6 levels were analyzed using a mouse cytometric bead array inflammation kit (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA) on a FACSCalibur flow cytometer affixed with a 488-nm laser (BD Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Plasma PGE2 levels were determined using commercially available purification kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay kits (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) levels were measured enzymatically on day 21 using the Precision Xceed system (Abbott, Tokyo, Japan) to evaluate the production of ketone bodies and to investigate the correlation between ketone bodies and anti-tumor efficacy.
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