Zen0040

Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical

Sourced in Germany, United Kingdom

The ZEN0040 is a laser diffraction particle size analyzer designed to measure the size distribution of particles in a wide range of materials, including powders, suspensions, and emulsions. It utilizes the principle of laser diffraction to determine particle size, providing accurate and reliable results. The core function of the ZEN0040 is to analyze the particle size distribution of samples, enabling researchers and manufacturers to better understand and control their materials.

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Lab products found in correlation

31 protocols using zen0040

Dynamic Light Scattering of Antibody Solutions

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Dynamic light scattering (DLS) electric field correlations were obtained for the g-eHER2 and mAbs solutions prepared as indicated above, using the Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) at T = 309 K, equipped with disposable cuvettes (Malvern Instruments ZEN0040). The readers are referred to previous publications for the experimental details [10 (link),13 (link)]. This technique allowed us to extract the diffusion coefficient, D_s, from the autocorrelation function. Hydrodynamic size, r_h, was obtained from the results obtained for D_s, the diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution, using the Stokes–Einstein equation:

D_{s} = \frac{k_{B} T}{6 π η r_{h}}

with k_B, the Boltzmann constant, and η, the buffer viscosity, at T = 309 K. The results obtained for D_s and r_h are shown in Table 4.

Cruz V.L., Souza-Egipsy V., Gion M., Pérez-García J., Cortes J., Ramos J, & Vega J.F. (2023). Binding Affinity of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Monoclonal Antibodies to Extracellular HER2 Domain. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(15), 12031.

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Monitoring Sbi III-IV-Ag85b Particle Growth

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To analyse the increase in size of ensilicated Sbi III-IV-Ag85b particles over time, prehydrolysed TEOS was added to 100 µl 1 mg ml⁻¹ Sbi III-IV-Ag85b in 50 mM Tris pH 7 at a ratio of 1:50. The volume of the solution was subsequently adjusted to 1 ml in order to retard the ensilication process and capture intermediate species. Particle size was subsequently monitored for 30 minutes with measurements acquired in intervals of 1 minute. To compare the sizes of untreated and thermally-treated native and released Ag85b, Sbi III-IV-Ag85b and Sbi III-IV, 50 µl samples at a concentration of 0.2 mg ml⁻¹ were used. All particle size measurements according to volume and intensity were performed on a Zetasizer Nano S dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument (Malvern) using disposable plastic micro cuvettes (ZEN0040, Malvern).

Wahid A.A., Doekhie A., Sartbaeva A, & van den Elsen J.M. (2019). Ensilication Improves the Thermal Stability of the Tuberculosis Antigen Ag85b and an Sbi-Ag85b Vaccine Conjugate. Scientific Reports, 9, 11409.

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Particle Size Characterization of Virus-Like Particles

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The filtered culture medium from BacMos-JEV-prME-transduced AP-61 cells was 10-fold concentrated, diafitrated with a 10-fold volume of high salt buffer (PBS and 0.5M NaCl), and then 5-fold concentrated using TFF. The particle size was characterized using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). Measurements were performed at 633 nm with an angle detection of 173° at room temperature. Each 1 mL sample (125 μL 50-fold concentrated sample + 875 μL PBS) was analyzed in a disposable, solvent-resistant micro cuvette (ZEN0040) (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK) at room temperature. Each sample underwent two series of 15 runs (whereby the duration of each run was 10 s). The size distribution of particles was calculated using the Zetasizer software suite.

Chang Y.H., Chiao D.J., Hsu Y.L., Lin C.C., Wu H.L., Shu P.Y., Chang S.F., Chang J.H, & Kuo S.C. (2020). Mosquito Cell-Derived Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Like Particles Induce Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses, 12(3), 336.

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DAPP2+ Salt Characterization in Aqueous Media

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The DAPP²⁺ salts were dissolved in H₂O/Me₂SO (1:1, v/v, 500 μL) to imitate the conditions used to introduce the sample to the cell cultures. Either deionized H₂O (1.0 mL), pH 7.2 phosphate buffered solution (1.0 mL) or the RPMI 1640 medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum and 2 mM l-glutamine (1.0 mL) was added to a Disposable Solvent Resistant Micro Cuvette (ZEN0040, Malvern). The DAPP²⁺ salt solution (10 μL) was then injected into the cuvette. Analyses of the samples were carried out on a Malvern Instruments Inc., Zetasizer Nano ZS. Measurements were taken using a standard operating procedure (SOP) (10 scans at 10 s/scan) for aqueous solutions at 25 °C. All solvents were run as blanks to identify peaks that correlate to the protein additives or possible impurities in solution.

Hartlieb K.J., Witus L.S., Ferris D.P., Basuray A.N., Algaradah M.M., Sarjeant A.A., Stern C.L., Nassar M.S., Botros Y.Y, & Stoddart J.F. (2015). Anticancer Activity Expressed by a Library of 2,9-Diazaperopyrenium Dications. ACS Nano, 9(2), 1461-1470.

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Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis

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DLS measurements were performed with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument (Malvern Instruments Ltd, Worcestershire, UK). The software used to collect and analyze the data was Zetasizer Series version 6.12 from Malvern. Fifty μl of each sample was analyzed in a disposable solvent resistant micro cuvette (ZEN0040) (Malvern Instruments Ltd, Worcestershire, UK). The measurements were made at a controlled temperature of 25 °C. For each sample, 15 runs of 10 s were performed with three repetitions. The size distributions were obtained from the Zetasizer software.

Lu Y, & Swartz J.R. (2016). Functional properties of flagellin as a stimulator of innate immunity. Scientific Reports, 6, 18379.

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Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis of Nanoparticles

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Solutions were characterized with Dynamic Light Scattering with Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern, Herrenberg, Germany) equipped with a 633 nm He–Ne laser and operating at an angle of 173°. Solvent-resistant micro cuvettes (ZEN0040, Malvern, Herrenberg, Germany) have been used for experiments with a sample volume of 40 μl. The measurements were performed at a fixed position (4.65 mm) with an automatic attenuator and at a controlled temperature (20 °C). For each sample, five measurements were averaged, the diffusion coefficient D has been retrieved from autocorrelation functions. The equivalent Hydrodynamic Diameter (D_H) was obtained by the Stokes-Einstein equation. Data analysis was performed by Malvern Zetasizer software71 . The ζ-potential was calculated from the electrophoretic mobility by means of the Henry correction to Smoluchowski’s equation with Data analysis was performed by Malvern Zetasizer software. Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern, Herrenberg, Germany) averaging 5 measurements72 .

Foglia S., Ledda M., Fioretti D., Iucci G., Papi M., Capellini G., Lolli M.G., Grimaldi S., Rinaldi M, & Lisi A. (2017). In vitro biocompatibility study of sub-5 nm silica-coated magnetic iron oxide fluorescent nanoparticles for potential biomedical application. Scientific Reports, 7, 46513.

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Dynamic Light Scattering of Bischol-DNA

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The average sizes
of Cy3-bischol-DNA and bischol-DNA in 10 mM Tris +150 mM NaCl with
and without the presence of TX100 were measured by DLS using a Malvern
Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Nordic AB, MAL1040112, Greve,
Denmark). The device was equipped with a 633 nm He–Ne laser
and operated at an angle of 173°. All measurements were performed
in a solvent-resistant microcuvette (ZEN0040, Malvern, Germany) with
a sample volume of 100 μL at 25 °C. The average diameter
for each particle was obtained from five measurements. Data analysis
was performed using Malvern’s Zetasizer software. Since the
excitation wavelength of Cy5 is close to the DLS instrument laser
wavelength, bischol-DNA was used instead of Cy5-bischol-DNA.

Vafaei S., Allabush F., Tabaei S.R., Male L., Dafforn T.R., Tucker J.H, & Mendes P.M. (2021). Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Nanoplatform Based on Recognition-Induced Fusion/Fission of DNA Mixed Micelles for Nucleic Acid Sensing. ACS Nano, 15(5), 8517-8524.

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Exosome Size and Zeta Potential Measurement

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The size of the exosomes was measured by dynamic light scattering with the Nanosizer ZS (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK). Briefly, exosomes were resuspended in 50 μL of PBS and transferred to a microcuvette (ZEN0040, Malvern Instruments) [75 (link)]. The backscattering angle Θ was fixed at 172° with a laser wavelength λ=633 nm. The size of the exosomal particles was calculated as hydrodynamic diameters (DH) based on the Stokes-Einstein equation: DH=kT/3πηD, where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, η is the viscosity and D is the diffusion coefficient. The values of D were obtained from autocorrelation function via the cumulate fitting. The DH range was 1 nm to 6 μm. To measure the surface charge, exosomes were resuspended in 1 mL of PBS. The Zeta potential of the exosomes was measured with a combination of laser Doppler velocimetry and phase analysis light scattering in a disposable capillary cell (DTS1070, Malvern Instruments).

Dean I., Dzinic S.H., Bernardo M.M., Zou Y., Kimler V., Li X., Kaplun A., Granneman J., Mao G, & Sheng S. (2016). The secretion and biological function of tumor suppressor maspin as an exosome cargo protein. Oncotarget, 8(5), 8043-8056.

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Characterizing Extracellular Vesicle Size and Concentration

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DLS experiments were performed to measure EV size and their concentration. All the measurements were made at 25°C on a Zetasizer Nano ZS90 spectrometer (Malvern, UK) equipped with a 5 mW HeNe laser (wavelength λ D 632.8 nm) and a non‐invasive back‐scattering optical setup (NIBS). For each sample, the detected intensity was processed by a digital logarithmic correlator, which computes a normalized intensity autocorrelation function. Then, the distribution of the diffusion coefficient D was obtained by using the CONTIN method.63 D was converted into an effective hydrodynamic diameter DH through the Stokes–Einstein equation: DH D KBT/(3phD), where KBT is the system's thermal energy and h represents the solvent viscosity. Solvent‐resistant micro cuvettes (ZEN0040, Malvern, Herrenberg, Germany) have been used for experiments with a sample volume of 40 μl. EV size distribution and concentration was calculated by a recently proposed DLS‐based non‐invasive tool as described previously (Vulpis et al., 2017 (link)).

Vulpis E., Loconte L., Peri A., Molfetta R., Caracciolo G., Masuelli L., Tomaipitinca L., Peruzzi G., Petillo S., Petrucci M.T., Fazio F., Simonelli L., Fionda C., Soriani A., Cerboni C., Cippitelli M., Paolini R., Bernardini G., Palmieri G., Santoni A, & Zingoni A. (2022). Impact on NK cell functions of acute versus chronic exposure to extracellular vesicle‐associated MICA: Dual role in cancer immunosurveillance. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 11(1), e12176.

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Particle Size Analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering

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Particle diameters were measured by DLS (NanoZS, Malvern) with a 633 nm laser. Measurements were taken on samples diluted 1:100 (v:v) in PBS1x using cuvette (ZEN0040, Malvern). The viscosity of PBS1x is 0.87 cP and the refractive index is 1.33. The refractive index of the particles was taken to be 1.52. Data were recorded as an average of 13 five-second acquisitions. Measurements were performed in triplicate at 25 °C. Recorded data were analysed in number with the Zetasizer software, which also calculated the polydispersity index of the samples (ranging from 0 for a perfectly monodisperse homogeneous sample to 1 for a highly polydisperse heterogeneous sample).

Flourieusse A., Bourgeois P., Schenckbecher E., Palvair J., Legrand D., Labbé C., Bescond T., Avoscan L., Orlowski S., Rouleau A, & Frelet-Barrand A. (2022). Formation of intracellular vesicles within the Gram+ Lactococcus lactis induced by the overexpression of Caveolin-1β. Microbial Cell Factories, 21, 239.

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