All solvents used in the experiments were of analytical grade and supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany) from where calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4 · 2H2O), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and montmorillonite KSF (clay) were also purchased. Copper and iron powders (99%, -140 and -70 mesh, respectively) and ammonium peroxodisulfate (98+%) were purchased from Acros (Geel, Belgium), while bronze powder (Cu:Sn; 90:10 wt%, -100 mesh) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). The essential oil of Cedrus atlantica was purchased from Florihana Distillerie (Caussols, France). The analytical standards (+)-α-longipinene, (+)-longifolene and (−)-isoledene were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany), α-terpineol, bisabolene (mixture of isomers), β-ionone, and ethanone,1-(4-methylphenyl)- by Thermo Fisher Scientific (Kandel, Germany) and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene by abcr (Karlsruhe, Germany).
Calcium sulfate dihydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Norway, India
Calcium sulfate dihydrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications. The core function of calcium sulfate dihydrate is to serve as a source of calcium and sulfate ions, which can be used in various chemical processes and formulations.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Calcium chloride dihydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Temed, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pg82071, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hanks balanced salt solution (hbss), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
N n methylenebisacrylamide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Longifolene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Barium chloride dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pdms sylgard 184, by Dow (1 mentions)
Dental lt clear resin, by Formlabs (1 mentions)
Neodymium nitrate hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cerium 3 chloride heptahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Yttrium 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Europium 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Copper sulfate pentahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mitoxantrone hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Irinotecan hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Activated charcoal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
13 protocols using calcium sulfate dihydrate
1
Synthesis of Metal-Clay Composites
2
Preparation of Inorganic Compounds and Polymers
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Sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl2·2H2O), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), and d -glucose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lithium peroxide (Li2O2) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. PFC oil (Krytox GPL103) was purchased from DuPont. PDMS (Sylgard 184) was purchased from Dow Corning. Ultrapure sodium alginate (Pronova SLG100) was purchased from NovaMatrix. The Dental LT Clear resin and flexible resin for 3D printing were purchased from Formlabs. Water was deionized to 18.2 MΩ·cm with the Synergy Ultraviolet Purification System (Millipore Sigma).
3
EF-hand Peptide Synthesis and Lanthanide Characterization
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The peptide sequences in this study were
derived from the EF-hand loop I of lanmodulin and were ordered from
GenScript (https://www.genscript.com/ ) at a purity of >95%. Cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate (CeCl3·7H2O), 99.9% purity, neodymium nitrate hexahydrate
(Nd(NO3)3·6H2O), 99.9% purity,
europium(III) chloride hexahydrate (EuCl3·6H2O), 99.9% purity, yttrium(III) chloride hexahydrate (YCl3·6H2O), 99.9% purity, calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO2·2H2O), 99.0% purity, and copper sulfate pentahydrate
(CuSO2·5H2O), 99.9% purity, were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Millipore ultrapure water (UPW) was used as a
solvent. Nitrogen (N2) gas (>99%) that was used in circular
dichroism experiments was procured from Airgas. Gold nanoparticles
with size less than 100 nm (powder), 99.9% trace, were obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich.
derived from the EF-hand loop I of lanmodulin and were ordered from
GenScript (
(Nd(NO3)3·6H2O), 99.9% purity,
europium(III) chloride hexahydrate (EuCl3·6H2O), 99.9% purity, yttrium(III) chloride hexahydrate (YCl3·6H2O), 99.9% purity, calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO2·2H2O), 99.0% purity, and copper sulfate pentahydrate
(CuSO2·5H2O), 99.9% purity, were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Millipore ultrapure water (UPW) was used as a
solvent. Nitrogen (N2) gas (>99%) that was used in circular
dichroism experiments was procured from Airgas. Gold nanoparticles
with size less than 100 nm (powder), 99.9% trace, were obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich.
4
Comprehensive Protocol for B16F10 Melanoma Cell Culture and Analysis
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B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Sodium alginate (Protanal LF20/40) of high molecular weight (~250 kDa) was donated by FMC BioPolymers (Philadelphia, PA, USA). Trypan Blue, Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM), bovine serum albumin (BSA), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, and trypsin-EDTA solutions, morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES) hydrate, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), Sigmacote, activated charcoal, calcium sulfate dihydrate, irinotecan hydrochloride, 5-fluorouracil, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran (3–6 kDa and 70 kDa), fluorescein isothiocyanate diethylaminoethyl (FITC-DEAE) dextran (3–6 kDa and 70 kDa) and rhodamine dextran (10 kDa) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) proteins and VEGF- and PDGF-DuoSet ELISA kits were purchased from R&D Systems, Inc (Minneapolis, MN, USA). 16-well xCELLigence e-plates were purchased from ACEA Biosciences, Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA).
5
Synthesis of Tough Alginate-Acrylamide Hydrogels
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Tough gels were synthesized by mixing one syringe containing a 10ml solution of 2% sodium alginate [combining a high (MW=200kDa) and low (MW=30kDa) molecular weight alginate at 1:1 ratio; MVG or LF20/40 and VLVG or LF 20/40 irradiated, (Pronova, Novamatrix Norway)] and 12% acrylamide (Sigma, A8887) in HBSS (Gibco), 36μl of 2% N,N’-methylenebis(acrylamide) (Sigma, M7279), and 8μl of TEMED (Sigma, T7024), with a second syringe containing 226μl of 6.6% ammonium persulfate (Sigma, A9164), and 191μl of 0.75M calcium sulfate dihydrate (Sigma, 31221). The gel was cast into molds (80×15×1.5mm3) sealed on both sides with glass and left to crosslink for 24h. After 24h, tough gel strips were removed from molds and stored in sealed plastic bags at 4°C.
To form the JTA, UP chitosan (2%) (UP Chitosan 54046, Heppe Medical Chitosan, Halle, Germany) and coupling reagents (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (Sigma, E6383) and sulfated N-hydroxy-succinimide) (Thermofisher, PG82071) (12mg/ml) were quickly mixed by vortexing. This mixture was applied to the surface of the tough gel (25μl/cm2) and compressed to the tissue surface.
To form the JTA, UP chitosan (2%) (UP Chitosan 54046, Heppe Medical Chitosan, Halle, Germany) and coupling reagents (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (Sigma, E6383) and sulfated N-hydroxy-succinimide) (Thermofisher, PG82071) (12mg/ml) were quickly mixed by vortexing. This mixture was applied to the surface of the tough gel (25μl/cm2) and compressed to the tissue surface.
6
Calcium-Based Biomaterial Synthesis
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Calcium citrate (Ca3(C6H5O7)2; CC), carboxymethyl chitosan (carboxylation degree ≥80%; CMCS), and adenosine triphosphate (C10H16N5O13P3; ATP) were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Technology (Shanghai, China). Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O; CSD) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2; CH) was purchased from Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
7
Double Network Hydrogel Synthesis
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Acrylamide (>99%; Arcos, USA), alginate (FMC Biopolymer, LF 10/60, USA), N,N′ -methylenebis (acrylamide) (MBAA) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), ammonium persulfate (>98%; Sigma-Aldrich, USA), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) (>99%; Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and calcium sulfate dihydrate (98%; Sigma Aldrich, USA) are used without further purification.
The double network hydrogel is synthesized following (64 (link)) with some modification (65 ). An 8-g acrylamide, 1-g alginate, 0.0048-g cross-linker MBAA, and 0.02-g thermal initiator are dissolved into 51 g of deionized water. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours until all the components are fully dissolved. The mixture is marked as solution 1. Then, 0.02-g initiator accelerator TEMED and 0.1328-g ionic cross-linker calcium sulfate dihydrate are dissolved into 5 g of deionized water. The mixture is sonicated for 2 min and marked as solution 2. After that, solution 1 and solution 2 are mixed and poured into a 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) mold with dimensions 5 mm by 4 mm by 10 mm. The specimen is left at room temperature (24°C) for 24 hours, covered by a glass slide, to polymerize the gel.
The double network hydrogel is synthesized following (64 (link)) with some modification (65 ). An 8-g acrylamide, 1-g alginate, 0.0048-g cross-linker MBAA, and 0.02-g thermal initiator are dissolved into 51 g of deionized water. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours until all the components are fully dissolved. The mixture is marked as solution 1. Then, 0.02-g initiator accelerator TEMED and 0.1328-g ionic cross-linker calcium sulfate dihydrate are dissolved into 5 g of deionized water. The mixture is sonicated for 2 min and marked as solution 2. After that, solution 1 and solution 2 are mixed and poured into a 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) mold with dimensions 5 mm by 4 mm by 10 mm. The specimen is left at room temperature (24°C) for 24 hours, covered by a glass slide, to polymerize the gel.
8
Fungal Bioconversion of Agricultural Waste
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MB (98%),
CR (82%), calcium sulfate dihydrate
(98%), and streptomycin sulfate salt were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
(Germany, USA). Hydrochloric acid (37%), acetic acid (100%), sodium
chloride (≥95%), malt extract agar, sodium nitrate (>99%),
and glucose monohydrate (microbiology grade) were purchased from Carl
Roth GmbH + Co. KG (Germany). Sodium hydroxide (p.a.) was obtained
from Merck. Ethanol (≥96%), formic acid (≥99%, HiPerSolv
CHROMANORM), and acetonitrile (≥99.9%, HiPerSolv CHROMANORM)
were provided by VWR (Germany). Ampicillin sodium salt was acquired
from AppliChem GmbH (Germany). Hemp shives were purchased from Hemparade
(The Netherlands). Brown millet was provided by Mühle Schlingemann
(Germany). Yeast extract and Gibco casamino acids were obtained from
Ohly GmbH (Germany) and Life Technologies (USA), respectively. DIW
was used for stock solution and fungi preparation.
CR (82%), calcium sulfate dihydrate
(98%), and streptomycin sulfate salt were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
(Germany, USA). Hydrochloric acid (37%), acetic acid (100%), sodium
chloride (≥95%), malt extract agar, sodium nitrate (>99%),
and glucose monohydrate (microbiology grade) were purchased from Carl
Roth GmbH + Co. KG (Germany). Sodium hydroxide (p.a.) was obtained
from Merck. Ethanol (≥96%), formic acid (≥99%, HiPerSolv
CHROMANORM), and acetonitrile (≥99.9%, HiPerSolv CHROMANORM)
were provided by VWR (Germany). Ampicillin sodium salt was acquired
from AppliChem GmbH (Germany). Hemp shives were purchased from Hemparade
(The Netherlands). Brown millet was provided by Mühle Schlingemann
(Germany). Yeast extract and Gibco casamino acids were obtained from
Ohly GmbH (Germany) and Life Technologies (USA), respectively. DIW
was used for stock solution and fungi preparation.
9
Bioinspired Hydrogel Microcapsule Synthesis
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Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP, Mw = 455 kDa), Tris hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), sodium hydroxide, dopamine hydrochloride, sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl2·2H2O), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O), Nile Red, gelatin and D-glucose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filament was purchased from PRUSA. Ultrapure sodium alginate (Pronova SLG100) was purchased from NovaMatrix. Water was deionized to 18.2 MΩ cm with a Synergy UV purification system (Millipore Sigma).
10
Synthesis of Tough Alginate-Acrylamide Hydrogels
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