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Alexa flour 594 conjugated secondary antibody

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated secondary antibody is a fluorescently labeled antibody used in various immunoassay techniques. It is designed to bind to primary antibodies and emit light at a wavelength of 594 nm when excited. This product can be used to detect and visualize target proteins or antigens in samples.

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6 protocols using alexa flour 594 conjugated secondary antibody

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of c-MET Expression

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Tissue sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated, and antigen retrieval was conducted following the manufacturer’s instructions. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 0.3% hydrogen peroxide for 15 min. Slides were then blocked with goat serum, avidin solution and biotin solution. The slides were incubated with rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibodies against c-MET (1:200 dilution, Proteintech) at 4 °C overnight and then probed with AlexaFlour 594-conjugated secondary antibody (Invitrogen) and mounted with Vectashield containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Images were acquired on a Zeiss LSM 880 confocal laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Inc, Thornwood, NY).
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2

Histological Analysis of Liver Fibrosis

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Liver tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. To visualize collagen fibers, liver sections were stained with saturated picric acid containing 0.5% Sirius Red (Sigma). The sections were washed with distilled water, dehydrated, mounted and analyzed by light microscopy. For immunostaining of BiP, p-PERK and F4/80, paraffin-embedded liver sections were incubated with corresponding primary antibodies (1:200, 1:50 and 1:100, respectively), followed by incubation with biotin-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:200) and streptavidin-HRP (1:300). The HRP activity was visualized by diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. Hematoxylin counterstaining was applied to visualize nuclei. For α-SMA staining, liver sections were incubated with anti-α-SMA antibody (1:100), followed by incubation with Alexa Flour 594-conjugated secondary antibody (1:250) and counterstaining with DAPI (Invitrogen). TUNEL assay was performed using In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit-TMR-Red (Roche). Samples were analyzed under an epifluorescence-equipped light microscope (Olympus).
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3

Histological Analysis of Liver Fibrosis

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Liver tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. To visualize collagen fibers, liver sections were stained with saturated picric acid containing 0.5% Sirius Red (Sigma). The sections were washed with distilled water, dehydrated, mounted and analyzed by light microscopy. For immunostaining of BiP, p-PERK and F4/80, paraffin-embedded liver sections were incubated with corresponding primary antibodies (1:200, 1:50 and 1:100, respectively), followed by incubation with biotin-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:200) and streptavidin-HRP (1:300). The HRP activity was visualized by diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. Hematoxylin counterstaining was applied to visualize nuclei. For α-SMA staining, liver sections were incubated with anti-α-SMA antibody (1:100), followed by incubation with Alexa Flour 594-conjugated secondary antibody (1:250) and counterstaining with DAPI (Invitrogen). TUNEL assay was performed using In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit-TMR-Red (Roche). Samples were analyzed under an epifluorescence-equipped light microscope (Olympus).
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4

Pulmonary Fibroblast Coculture Assay

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Pulmonary fibroblasts were isolated from naïve mice as previously described in detail [34 (link)] and plated at 5 × 105 cells/well in a 6-well tissue culture plate. Cocultures were created with the addition of MACS-isolated lung Gr-1+ myeloid cells (1 × 105 cells/well) to the cultured fibroblasts for 24 h. Cell-free supernatants were collected to determine protein levels, and the remaining adherent cells in these cocultures were subjected to RNA isolation for quantitative PCR. Other cocultures were subjected to confocal microscopy to visualize collagen expression by the adherent fibroblasts. Briefly, adherent fibroblasts were fixed and permeabilized and incubated with an anti-collagen-1 mAb (Abcam) for 24 h followed by Alexa flour 594-conjugated secondary antibody (Life Technologies). Each slide was then treated with Prolog Gold Anti-Fade containing DAPI (Life Technologies), coverslips were mounted, and images were analyzed with a Zeiss LSM510 confocal microscope with C-Apochromatic 40x objective lens (Carl Zeiss). Images were assembled using Adobe Photoshop CS2 for Mac. In other experiments, cultured mouse fibroblasts were exposed to increasing concentrations of sTRAIL for 24 h and RNA was then isolated for quantitative PCR analysis.
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5

Immunocytochemical Detection of Cholinergic Neurons

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Immunocytochemistry was carried out by a modification of the previously reported method (Hahm et al., 2018 (link)). Cultured hippocampal neurons were fixed in 4% formaldehyde in PBS for 10 min, blocked in 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1% sapponin for 30 min, and then incubated overnight with an anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody (MilliporeSigma, Burlinton, MA, 1:250) to identify cholinergic neurons. After 4 washes with 0.1% triton-X in PBS for 5 min each, cells were incubated with Alexa-Flour-594 conjugated secondary antibody (Life Technologies 1:1000) for 1 hour, washed, and mounted in p-phenylenediamine in 90% glycerol. Neurons were imaged with a 20x objective using an Olympus BX51 microscope.
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6

Quantifying Apoptosis in Spinal Cord Tissue

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The amount of apoptosis was determined by double-staining of TUNEL with NeuN, GFAP, or OX-42. TUNEL assays were performed using the Apoptag fluorescein in situ detection kit (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN) that detects the 3′-OH region of cleaved DNA during apoptosis. Briefly, sections of spinal cord tissue were permeabilized with 3% normal horse serum with 0.25% Triton X-100 in PBS for 30 min at room temperature. The TUNEL reaction mixture was then added; tissue was incubated in a humidified chamber for 1 h at 37°C and washed with PBS. For double staining, sections were incubated with antibody against NeuN, GFAP, or OX-42 overnight at room temperature. The next day, sections were rinsed with PBS and incubated for 1 h at room temperature with Alexa Flour 594-conjugated secondary antibody (Life Technologies). Tissues were then washed and mounted with Vectashield mounting medium (Vector Laboratory). Images were collected using a fluorescent microscope (DM6000; Leica Microsystems).
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