Pdv 100

Manufactured by Polytec

Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom

The PDV-100 is a compact and versatile laser vibrometer that measures vibration and displacement. It uses a laser beam to detect and analyze the motion of a target surface, providing highly accurate and non-contact measurements.

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Lab products found in correlation

Labview nxg 5, by National Instruments (2 mentions) Cdaq 9171, by National Instruments (2 mentions) Htc tm700, by Panasonic (1 mentions) Psv 500, by Polytec (1 mentions) Webcam pro 9000, by Logitech (1 mentions)

14 protocols using pdv 100

Measuring Chewing Biomechanics via LDV

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Chewing recordings were first filtered with a 100 Hz high pass filter in R version 3.3.1 (R Core Team, 2016), run in the RStudio interface (RStudio Team, 2015) with the function “fir” from the Seewave package version 2.1.4 (Sueur et al., 2008). Recordings were filtered to remove high amplitude, low‐frequency background building noise. Using Raven Pro 1.5 software (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2017), we selected ten chewing events per recording (see Figure S1 in Appendix S1 for an example). We measured root mean square (RMS) amplitude from the waveform, and first and third quartiles. Peak frequency was taken from the spectrum (sampling frequency: 44,100, window type: “Hanning,” window size: 1,024, overlap: 50). All measurements were done on the filtered recordings. Reference recordings were filtered in the same way as chewing recordings. RMS measurements from the reference recordings were used to calculate absolute RMS amplitude (mm/s) of chewing events. To calculate absolute RMS amplitude, we used the following formula:

RMS amp (\frac{mm}{s}) = (\frac{RMS (measurement)}{RMS (reference)} * 2.80) * LDV vel scaling setting

The value of 2.80 represents the RMS amplitude (in Volts) output of the LDV, and the LDV velocity scaling setting was either 5 or 20 mm s⁻¹ V⁻¹ (Polytec PDV‐100 user manual, section 5).

Velilla E., Polajnar J., Virant‐Doberlet M., Commandeur D., Simon R., Cornelissen J.H., Ellers J, & Halfwerk W. (2020). Variation in plant leaf traits affects transmission and detectability of herbivore vibrational cues. Ecology and Evolution, 10(21), 12277-12289.

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Laser Doppler Vibrometry for Surface Displacement

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Surface vertical displacements were detected by a laser Doppler vibrometer (Polytec® PDV100). A HeNe laser beam (632.8 nm; 1 mW) is focused into a surface spot placed in the center of the liquid vessel. The reflected signal is analyzed in an interferometric detection scheme to retrieve the surface normal velocity in the time domain. The system resolution allows vibrational velocity measurements at 0.02 μm s⁻¹ accuracy with precise linearity across the entire dynamic range in velocity measurement (>90 dB), which allows power measurements as low as 10⁻¹⁶ m² Hz⁻¹, nominally varying by a factor larger than 10¹². Data acquisition is performed in real time at 22 kHz readout. The analogic signal is DA converted (24 bit) and PC transferred via integrated VibroLink® connector and data cable (Ethernet).

Kharbedia M., Caselli N., Herráez-Aguilar D., López-Menéndez H., Enciso E., Santiago J.A, & Monroy F. (2021). Moulding hydrodynamic 2D-crystals upon parametric Faraday waves in shear-functionalized water surfaces. Nature Communications, 12, 1130.

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Vibrational Signaling Behavior in Insects

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The experiments were carried out in a sound insulated chamber in the laboratory of biotremology of the Fondazione Edmund Mach (Italy), from September 2014 to January 2015 and from October 2018 to February 2020. The insects were placed on a bean or tobacco leaf cut placed in a Petri dish (Ø 35 mm) positioned on an anti‐vibration table (Astel s.a.s., Ivrea, Italy). Insect behaviors were monitored via video surveillance (mod. HTC-TM700, Panasonic, Japan), to associate vibrational signals with corresponding behaviors. Vibrational signals produced by individuals were recorded using a laser Doppler vibrometer (PDV 100, Polytec, Germany). The laser vibrometer was focused on a small piece of reflective sticker placed on the leaf cut, to maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The Petri dish had a hole on the top surface to let the laser beam pass through. Two softbox lights (50 × 70 cm) were used to illuminate the arena. The recordings were digitized using the software BK Connect (Brüel and Kjær Sound & Vibration A/S, Nærum, 104 Denmark) at 8.2 kHz sample rate and 24-bit depth resolution through a data acquisition device (LAN XI type 3050-B-040, Brüel and Kjær Sound & Vibration A/S, Nærum, Denmark), then they were stored onto a hard drive of a computer (HP, EliteBook 8460 p).

Fattoruso V., Anfora G, & Mazzoni V. (2021). Vibrational communication and mating behavior of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Scientific Reports, 11, 6543.

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Acoustic Attenuation Measurement Protocol

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The acoustic attenuation was studied on a home-made laser vibrometer setup. A dynamic shaker (Modal Shop K2007E01) was used to generate a periodic chirp signal, generating a surface acceleration ranging between 0.2 and 0.6 m/s². The dynamic force at the input surface of the structure was measured using an impedance head (PCB 288D01)with a sensitivity of 22.4 mV/N. The internal resonance of the setup comprising the impedance head and dynamic shaker occurred at 7500 Hz; thus our measurement was restricted to below 6000 Hz. The acceleration at the output surface of the structure was measured by a laser vibrometer system (Polytec PDV-100), mounted vertically above the flat cylinder surface. The ratio of output-to-input amplitude was converted to dB for presentation.

Saed M.O., Elmadih W., Terentjev A., Chronopoulos D., Williamson D, & Terentjev E.M. (2021). Impact damping and vibration attenuation in nematic liquid crystal elastomers. Nature Communications, 12, 6676.

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Vibrational Characterization of T-Shaped Arena

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The T‐shaped arena was built of plywood. The three‐dimensional (3D) scheme is shown in Figure 2a: the two arms of the T arena can oscillate at their free ends, while two thick pillars, one at the base and the other at the front, support the main stem. Stimulation points SP1 and SP2 were set on the free ends of the T arena (red circles in Figure 2a).
Before performing the experiments, we tested vibrational signal propagation using a laser vibrometer (Polytec PDV 100) associated with an acquisition device (LAN XI, Brüel & Kjaer) to verify the symmetry of the setup when the SP was switched from one arm to the other. This preliminary test was also performed to characterize the T arena by describing the vibrational landscape and the possible occurrence of amplitude gradients. For the recording, we used a sample rate of 8192 Hz. Spectral analysis was done by applying a fast Fourier transform with a Hanning window length of 400 lines, 8 Hz of frequency resolution and 66.7% overlap.

Caorsi V., Cornara D., Wells K.E., Moser D., Berardo A., Miselli R., Torriani M., Pugno N.M., Tasin M., Maistrello L, & Mazzoni V. (2021). Design of ideal vibrational signals for stinkbug male attraction through vibrotaxis experiments. Pest Management Science, 77(12), 5498-5508.

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Vibration Measurement of Plants via SLDV

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Vibration velocities on the plant were measured using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV, PSV-500 Polytec Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) at distances between 1 and 50 cm from the mini-shaker attachment point (Fig. 2a). The trigger signal was generated internally with averaging set to three scans per point. In addition, a second single-point laser Doppler vibrometer (PDV-100, Polytec Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) was aimed at the mini-shaker attachment point on the grapevine. Both vibrometer outputs and the trigger signal were recorded simultaneously on separate channels of a laptop computer.

Gordon S.D., Tiller B., Windmill J.F., Krugner R, & Narins P.M. (2019). Transmission of the frequency components of the vibrational signal of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis, within and between grapevines. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 205(5), 783-791.

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Measuring Vibration Velocity with Doppler Laser

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To measure the velocity of the vibrations applied and measured, we used a Doppler laser vibrometer (PDV‐100, Polytec Ltd, Coventry, UK) set to 500 mm/s maximum velocity and a Low Pass Filter at 22 kHz. The force applied by the shaker was simultaneously measured using the miniature force sensor. The signals of both the laser vibrometer and the force sensor were simultaneously acquired using a two‐channel NI9250 Sound and Vibration module (NI Corporation [UK] Ltd, Newbury, UK) and a USB‐powered data acquisition module (cDAQ‐9171, NI). The acquisition was done using custom‐written software in LabView NXG 5.1 (NI). Samples were acquired at a rate of 10,240 samples per second. Data were saved in TDMS format and subsequently converted to text files using a custom program in LabView.

Vallejo‐Marín M., Pereira Nunes C.E, & Russell A.L. (2022). Anther cones increase pollen release in buzz‐pollinated Solanum flowers. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, 76(5), 931-945.

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Mapping Scaffold Vibration Modes

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A piezoelectric transducer (PI-876-SP1, PI miCos GmbH) was fixed to a 154 mm × 104 mm x 5 mm stainless steel baseplate with epoxy and soldered to a feedback circuit, similar to what is seen in Valentin et al. (Valentín et al., 2019) . A signal was generated from a NI-9263 module (National Instruments) and amplified by a factor of 25. A Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) (PDV-100, Polytec) was mounted on a tripod and used to map the excitation response of the scaffolds. A frequency sweep between 0 kHz and 5 kHz was forwarded to the piezoelectric transducer to map the modes of vibration at each resonant frequency in this range with the configuration shown in Fig. 2.
Peak energies of vibration and maximum velocities were measured with the LDV and mapped across the 24-well plate at the resonance frequencies using the corresponding mode shape. After cells were seeded in their respective wells, scaffolds were inverted to provide a flat surface normal to the LDV to minimize laser scattering during data acquisition.
Cell culture plates were removed from the incubator and excited once daily at the chosen frequency (1.278 kHz) for 10 min, with a 24 h rest period between vibrations. The LDV monitored the consistency of the baseplate and well vibrations by measuring the signal over the entire excitation period.

Deering J., Presas A., Lee B.E.J., Valentin D., Yu B., Heiss C., Grandfield K, & Bosbach W.A. (2020). Response of Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells to kilohertz-resonance excitation in porous metallic scaffolds. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 106.

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Vibration Velocity Measurement Protocol

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To measure the velocity of the vibrations applied and measured, we used a Doppler laser vibrometer (PDV-100, Polytec Ltd, Coventry, UK) set to 500mm/s maximum velocity and a Low Pass Filter at 22kHz. The force applied by the shaker was simultaneously measured using the miniature force sensor. The signals of both the laser vibrometer and the force sensor were simultaneously acquired using a two-channel NI9250 Sound and Vibration module (NI Corporation (UK) Ltd, Newbury, UK) and a USB powered data acquisition module (cDAQ-9171, NI). The acquisition was done using custom-written software in LabView NXG 5.1 (NI). Samples were acquired at a rate of 10,240 samples per second. Data was saved in TDMS format and subsequently converted to text files using a custom program in LabView.

Vallejo‐Marín M., Nunes C.E.P., & Russell A.L. (2021). Anther cones increase pollen release in buzz-pollinated Solanum flowers.

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Plant Vibration Monitoring Protocol

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All experiments were conducted in a sound insulated room during May and August 2016 between 08:00 and 16:30 h. Vibrational signals were registered by a portable digital laser vibrometer (PDV-100, Polytec GmbH, Waldbronn, Germany) from a reflective tape (diameter < 4 mm 2 ) fixed on the stem (4 cm above the soil) of plants in pots placed on a shock-proof table. The laser beam was oriented perpendicularly to the stem. Laser recorded plant vibrations were digitized by a sound card (24-bit, 96-kHz, 100-dB signal-to-noise ratio, Sound Blaster Extigy, Creative Laboratories Inc., Milpitas, California, USA) and stored on a computer by the use of Cool Edit Pro 2.0 software (Syntrillium Software 2001 -Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA) for further analysis with Sound Forge, Version 6.0 (Sonic Foundry, Inc., Madison, California, USA) software.

Čokl A., Dias A., Moraes M.B., Borges M, & Laumann R. (2017). Rivalry between Stink Bug Females in a Vibrational Communication Network. J Insect Behav., 30(6).

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