Zetasizer nano zs size analyzer

The suspension of lead oxide nanoparticles was prepared at the “Modern Nanotechnologies” Center for Shared Use of the Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, by pulsed laser ablation of thin metal sheet targets of 99.99% pure lead in sterile deionized water as described elsewhere^{12 (link)}.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the particle size distribution function were used to establish and describe the particle shape and size. The average diameter of the suspended lead oxide nanoparticles equaled 49.6 ± 16 nm (Fig. 9).Figure 9

Description of PbO nanoparticles used in the experiment: (a) a scanning transmission electron microscopy image of PbO nanoparticles in the suspension at 29,640 × magnification, and (b) the function of PbO nanoparticle size distribution.

The suspension stability was judged by the zeta potential value measured using the Zetasizer Nano ZS size analyzer (Malvern Panalytical, UK) and was high (zeta potential up to 42 mV, n = 3, deionized water), which enabled us to increase the particle concentration to 0.5 mg/mL by partial evaporation of water at 50 °C without changing the size and chemical identity of NPs.

All the chemicals were purchased from Aladdin (Beijing, China), J&K (Beijing, China) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), unless specifically stated. All the reagents were commercially available and of analytical reagent grade. The other solvents were purified by fractional distillation. Prior to use, all solvents were purified by fractional distillation. Deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm was used from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). NMR spectra were recorded by Bruker Avance 300 (Bruker Corp., Rheinstetten, Germany). Mass spectra were recorded on an Agilent 1100 LC-MS system (Agilent Technologies Inc., Foster, CA, USA). The preparation process of AIE dots was completed by a bath sonicator (Bransonic, CPX2800H-C, Emerson Electric Co., Ferguson, MO, USA). UV-Vis absorption spectra were recorded using a UV-2550 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). Fluorescence spectra were measured by a Shimadzu RF-5301PC spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the AIE dots were taken by JEM-2100F at 200 kV (JEOL, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). DLS measurement was performed using a Malvern ZetasizerNano ZS size analyzer (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK) at room temperature.

TB was synthesized according to our previous work (Alifu et al., 2017 (link)). PS-PEG and other chemical regents which not specially mentioned were purchased from Sigma Inc., The deionized water (DI water, 18.2 MΩ cm resistivity) obtained from the system has been utilized in all the experiments Using a Shimadzu UV-3600 UV-vis spectrophotometer to measure UV-vis absorption spectra. Using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS size analyzer to measure dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential at room temperature.
Fluorescence quantum yield was measured using a Hitachi F4500 spectrofluorophotometer. Rhodamine B (excitation wavelength: 365 nm) was used as a standard to determine the fluorescence quantum yields of the nanoparticles.