NAR (purity > 95%), Solutol HS15, Tween 20, Tween 80, Chremophor EL, PEG 400, propylene glycol, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and chitosan (low-molecular weight) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Plurol Oleique, Labrafac, Transcutol P, Labrafil M1944 CS, Labrafil M2125 CS, Labrasol, Lauroglycol 90 and Capryol 90 were gifted by Gattefosse, France and Sefsol 218 was gifted by Nikko Chemicals Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplied Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS)-heat-inactivated and antibiotics including other materials for cell culture. Sunflower oil, oleic acid, castor oil and peanut oil were obtained from local suppliers. Deionized water and analytical grade chemicals were used in each step of the experiments, where the chemicals were used without further purification.
Chremophor el
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Chremophor EL is a non-ionic surfactant that is commonly used as a solubilizing agent in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. It is a polyethoxylated castor oil with the chemical formula C58H114O26. Chremophor EL serves as a dispersing and emulsifying agent, facilitating the incorporation of lipophilic substances into aqueous media.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lauroglycol 90, by Gattefosse (2 mentions)
Labrasol, by Gattefosse (2 mentions)
Capryol 90, by Gattefosse (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Propylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Plurol oleique, by Gattefosse (1 mentions)
Solutol hs15, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rpmi 1640, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Peg400, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Transcutol p, by Gattefosse (1 mentions)
Labrafil m 1944 cs, by Gattefosse (1 mentions)
Labrafac, by Gattefosse (1 mentions)
Labrafil m 2125 cs, by Gattefosse (1 mentions)
Olive oil, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Jzl184, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Cp55 940, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Urb602, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
7 protocols using chremophor el
1
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Lipid-Based Formulations
2
Stroke Treatment: G-CSF and BM MSCs
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Animals were randomly assigned to three groups as follows: (i) G-CSF group (N = 20) received daily injections of 50 μg/kg BW and in total for 28 days; (ii) G-CSF + BM MSCs (N = 20) group received daily injections of G-CSF at 50 μg/kg BW and in total for 28 days and a single dose of BM MSCs (1 × 106/kg BW) given intravenously; and (iii) control group (N = 20) was given daily the vehicle (5% glucose) for 28 days. Combination treatment was done at 6 h post-stroke (Figure 1 , upper panel). To investigate the localization of injected cells, a separate group of aged animals was injected with mesenchymal cells of human origin (hBM-MSCs). Although hBM-MSCs are poorly immunogenic (Chamberlain et al., 2007 (link)) and the rats survived just 4 days after administration, to prevent graft rejection the animals were given cyclosporine A (s.c., Sandimmun, Novartis, 10 mg/kg) diluted in Chremophor EL (Sigma).
3
Synthesis of Cyclic Peroxide N-89
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N-89 (Fig. 1 , inset) was produced in our laboratory as follows. First, methoxymethylenecy-clododecane and cyclododecanone were prepared by ozonolysis of a vinyl ether in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in diethyl ether. Next, (cyclododecylidene)bishydroperoxide was produced by combining methoxymethylenecyclododecane and cyclododecanone in the presence of peroxide and ozone in acidic conditions. N-89 was produced from (cyclododecylidene)bishydroperoxide and CsOH·H2O in DMF [8 (link)]. Olive oil was procured from Wako (Osaka, Japan), and Chremophor EL was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
4
MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Model: Cannabinoid Interventions
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2-AG (3 or 5 mg/kg), CP55,940 (0.5 mg/kg) (both Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, MO), URB602 (10 mg/kg), JZL184 (40 mg/kg) (both Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI) and DFU (25 mg/kg) (Merck, Damstadt, Germany) were dissolved via gentle sonification in a vehicle consisting of ethanol, chremophor EL (SigmaAldrich) and saline solution at a ratio of 1:1:18 v/v/v. All drugs were administered by i.p. injection 1 ×/day for 3 days prior to MPTP treatment, throughout the treatment and until sacrifice. Control mice received vehicle only. The amount of compound was chosen based on previous studies (2-AG: Panikashvili et al., 2001 (link); CP55,940: Fontanellas et al., 2005 (link); URB602: Comelli et al., 2007 (link); JZL184: Nomura et al., 2011 (link); and DFU: Riendeau et al., 1997 (link)).
5
Sorafenib and MIP-1α Administration
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Sorafenib [N-(3-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(4-(2-methylcarbamoyl pyridin-4-yl)oxyphenyl)urea] was synthesized at Bayer Corporation (West Haven, CT, USA). Sorafenib in 100% DMSO was mixed with an aqueous solution containing 8.75% ethanol and 12.5% Chremophor EL (30 mg/kg, peroral, Sigma, St Louis, MO). Human recombinant MIP-1α was purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 2 μg/30 ml, intravenous), as described previously([19 (link)].
6
Formulation and Characterization of Pluronic-Based Nanoemulsions
7
Synthesis and Characterization of CRV431 Compound
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CRV431 was synthesized in-house to a purity of 97.3 % by modification of CsA and stored at 5°C. CsA was obtained from IVAX (Opava, Czech Republic). Lauroglycol 90, Labrasol, Labrafil M 2125, Labrafil 1944, Pecol, Labrafac WL, Capryol 90, Maisine CC, and Transcutol were purchased from Gattefosse (Montreal, Canada). Propylene glycol, filtered water, acetonitrile, methanol, scintillation vials and 12x75 ml borosilicate test tubes were purchased from Fischer Scientific (Pittsburgh, USA). Anhydrous ethanol was purchased from Commercial Alcohols (Toronto, Canada). Vitamin E, Tween 80, Tween 40, Tween 20, castor oil, dimethyl sulfoxide, Chremophor EL and Chremophor RH 40 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Span 80 was purchased from EMD Millipore Corporation (Burlington, USA). PEG 400 was purchased from BDH Incorporated (Mississauga, Canada).
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