Chrysophanic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Chrysophanic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a staining agent and a chemical marker in analytical procedures. The core purpose of chrysophanic acid is to facilitate the identification and visualization of specific compounds or structures during scientific investigations and experiments.

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4 protocols using chrysophanic acid

DMBA-Induced Cancer Cell Signaling

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7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), proteinase inhibitor cocktails, phosphatase inhibitor cocktails, anti-actin and anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TPA was purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). CHRY was prepared from chrysophanic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) according to a published method [34 (link)]. All procedures with CHRY were performed under low intensity yellow lights. Antibodies against phosphorylated Stat1 (Y701 or S727) and total Stat1 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-IRF-1 and IFNγRβ antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and anti-Cox-2 antibody was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Chemiluminescence detection kits were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). The recombinant IFNγrIFNγ was purchased from BD Bioscience (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).

Bozeman R., Abel E.L., Macias E., Cheng T., Beltran L, & DiGiovanni J. (2014). A Novel Mechanism of Skin Tumor Promotion Involving Interferon-gamma (IFNγ)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 (Stat1) Signaling. Molecular carcinogenesis, 54(8), 642-653.

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Phytochemical Compounds from Natural Sources

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Silybin, 7-hydroxyflavone, flavanone, saponin, lupeol, gluconic acid, galacturonic acid, D-sorbitol, digitonin, arbutin, D- (-) salicin, kaempferitrin, isoquercitrin, chrysophanic acid, aloe-emodin, o-coumaric acid, and vanillin were purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. Pinocembrin, β-sitosterol, and β-sitosterol-O-glucoside were isolated from Centaurea eryngioides [25 ]. Glucuronic acid and ouabain were obtained from Serva, Feinbiochemica, Heidelberg, Germany. Naringin was isolated from the peel of Citrus jambhiri Lush. fruit [26 (link)]. The investigated phytochemicals in the current study are discussed in Table 1.

Shokry S., Hegazy A., Abbas A.M., Mostafa I., Eissa I.H., Metwaly A.M., Yahya G., El-Shazly A.M., Aboshanab K.M, & Mostafa A. (2023). Phytoestrogen β-Sitosterol Exhibits Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Viruses. Vaccines, 11(2), 228.

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Chrysophanic Acid: PPAR-γ Activation Pathway

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Chrysophanic acid (>98% pure) was purchased from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA) and was dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA). The Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomycin were from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). Antibodies for PPAR-γ, AMPKα, and p-AMPKα were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA), antibodies for C/EBP-α, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and PPAR-γ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and antibody for UCP1 was from Millipore Corporation (Bedford, MA, USA).

Lim H., Park J., Kim H.L., Kang J., Jeong M.Y., Youn D.H., Jung Y., Kim Y.I., Kim H.J., Ahn K.S., Kim S.J., Choe S.K., Hong S.H, & Um J.Y. (2016). Chrysophanic Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis and Induces Thermogenesis by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha In vivo and In vitro. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 476.

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Immunoblotting Assay Protocol

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Chrysophanic acid and anti-β-actin antibody were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against murine double minute-2 (Mdm2), p53, p27, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Paso Robles, CA, USA). Other antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA), and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) was from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) was from Meditech (Herndon, VA, USA).

, & Choi J.S. (2016). Chrysophanic Acid Induces Necrosis but not Necroptosis in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Caki-2 Cells. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21(2), 81-87.

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