Two way breathing mask 2700 series

Manufactured by Hans Rudolph

Sourced in United States

The Two-way breathing mask (2700 series) is a respiratory device designed for use in laboratory settings. It facilitates the exchange of inhaled and exhaled air.

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5 protocols using two way breathing mask 2700 series

Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness via CPET

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After a breakfast meal, CRF was measured by performing a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill (ELG 90/200 Sports; Woodway, Weil am Rhein, Germany) with an incremental modified Balke protocol until exhaustion [38 (link)]. Gas exchange was measured using a breath-by-breath gas analysis system (OxyconPro analyzer; Jaeger, Würtzburg, Germany) with a Hans Rudolph two-way breathing mask (2700 series; Hans Rudolph, Kansas City, KS, USA). Measures of respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥ 1.10, and lactate concentration ≥ 7.0 mmol/L measured 1 min after test termination and analyzed immediately in a 1500-Sport-lactate analyzer (YSI, Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH), were required to ensure a valid measure of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) [39 (link)]. A Borg scale rating ≥17 was additionally required to approve the test result [40 (link),41 ].
We evaluated CRF as low according to the suggestion from a previous publication that found an increased risk of having a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases if VO2peak ≤ 35.1 mL×kg BW×min [42 (link)].

Mathisen T.F., Sundgot-Borgen J., Rosenvinge J.H, & Bratland-Sanda S. (2018). Managing Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases in Women with Bulimia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorders: A Randomized Trial with 12 Months Follow-Up. Nutrients, 10(12), 1887.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measurement Protocol

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CRF was measured using a modified Balke graded maximal exercise test. Gas exchange and ventilatory variables were sampled as the subjects breathed into a Hans Rudolph two-way breathing mask (2700 series; Hans Rudolph Inc., Shawnee, KS, USA). During the last part of the cardiopulmonary exercise test, the subject's effort was encouraged by the technician until voluntary termination. Rating of perceived exertion was obtained using the Borg Scale.²⁷ (link) Gas exchange variables were reported as 30 s averages. The CRF test was accepted if the respiratory exchange ratio was ≥1.10 or the Borg score was ≥17. CRF was expressed in units of mL/kg/min or L/min. Each day, the gas analyzers used were calibrated for volume and gas and corrected for barometric pressure, temperature, and humidity. A detailed description of measurement accuracy between gas analyzers was provided elsewhere together with the participants' cardiorespiratory response during maximal exercise.¹⁵ (link)

Dyrstad S.M., Edvardsen E., Hansen B.H, & Anderssen S.A. (2017). Waist circumference thresholds and cardiorespiratory fitness. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(1), 17-22.

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Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Protocol for Evaluating Myocardial Function

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Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed by walking/running on a treadmill (Woodway PPS MED, WOODWAY USA, Waukesha, WI, Unites States) with an incremental ramp protocol until exhaustion. The participant was breathing into a Hans Rudolph two-way breathing mask (2700 series; Hans Rudolph Inc., Kansas City, United States) connected to an OxyconPro analyzer (Jaeger, Würtzburg, Germany) using the breath-by-breath method. Borg scale (scale 6–20) (31 (link)) was used as rating of perceived exertion immediately after the test. The highest oxygen uptake measured, which remained stable over at least 30 s, was used as peak oxygen consumption (VO₂) if two of the following three criteria were fulfilled: respiratory gas exchange ratio ≥1.10, Borg scale ≥17, or VO₂ reached a plateau with increasing workload. The result for the CCSs was included in the present study to correlate peak VO₂ with measures of myocardial systolic function.

Engan B., Diab S., Brun H., Raastad T., Torsvik I.K., Omdal T.R., Ghavidel F.Z., Greve G., Ruud E., Edvardsen E, & Leirgul E. (2023). Systolic myocardial function measured by echocardiographic speckle-tracking and peak oxygen consumption in pediatric childhood cancer survivors—a PACCS study. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10, 1221787.

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Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Protocol

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A cardiopulmonary exercise test using a modified Balke protocol was performed on treadmill before the intervention and approximately one week after the last exercise session [17 ]. The procedure has previously been described [18 (link)]. It was continued until exhaustion or until ended by the physician for safety reasons. Gas exchange was continuously measured by breathing into a Hans Rudolph two-way breathing mask (2700 series; Hans Rudolph Inc, Kansas City, USA), connected to a metabolic cart (Vmax SensorMedics, Yorba Linda, USA) assessing ventilation, oxygen and carbon dioxide content of expired air. VO_2peak was defined as the highest average oxygen uptake of consecutive 30 s during the test. The achieved VO_2peak was also included if the test had to be terminated because of functional limitations. Maximal respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was measured. The anaerobic threshold (AT) was estimated by the ventilatory equivalent method [19 ].

Aune S.K., Byrkjeland R., Solheim S., Arnesen H., Trøseid M., Awoyemi A., Seljeflot I, & Helseth R. (2021). Gut related inflammation and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with CAD and type 2 diabetes: a sub-study of a randomized controlled trial on exercise training. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 13, 36.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment Protocol

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Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as VO_2max with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).24 (link) CPET was conducted on a treadmill using an incremental modified Balke protocol until exhaustion.25 26 (link) VO_2max was measured with indirect calorimetry (Oxycon Pro, Jaeger, Hoechberg, Germany) with the ‘breath-by-breath’ method. The participants breathed through a Hans Rudolph two-way breathing mask (2700 series; Hans Rudolph, Kansas City, Kansas, USA), connected to the gas analyser. Prior to each test day, all analysers were calibrated after the manufacturer’s guidelines and all exercise tests were supervised by the same research fellow. The Borg scale (range 6–20) was used for rating of perceived exertion.27 (link) The exercise test was stopped when the participants reached maximal exhaustion (≥19 on the Borg scale), and an additional criterion was a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) between 1.10 and 1.30 according to age.26 (link) The highest VO_2max and the highest RER corresponding to the highest minute ventilation were reported.

Gjestvang C., Stensrud T, & Haakstad L.A. (2019). Are changes in physical fitness, body composition and weight associated with exercise attendance and dropout among fitness club members? Longitudinal prospective study. BMJ Open, 9(4), e027987.

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