All materials were used as received and with no further purification. Acetone, chloro-trimethyl-silane (CTS), γ-amino(propyl) triethoxy silane (APTES), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and glutaraldehyde were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), and po tassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) were purchased from Merck, (Darmstadt, Germany). Ninety-one percent Congo Red was purchased from Matheson Coleman & Bell (Hatfield, PA, USA).
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt abts
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, China, Australia
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) is a chemical compound used as a chromogenic substrate in various analytical and diagnostic applications. It is a redox-sensitive dye that undergoes a color change upon oxidation, allowing for the detection and quantification of various analytes in colorimetric assays.
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Lab products found in correlation
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchromane 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu phenol reagent, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl dpph, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Potassium ferricyanide, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
78 protocols using 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt abts
1
Enzyme Immobilization Protocol
2
Antioxidant Evaluation of Reagents
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The chemicals and reagents used included the following: Mueller-Hinton agar from Oxford Ltd (Hampshire, England), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from Fluka Chemicals (Buchs, Switzerland). 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
3
Antioxidant Compounds Characterization
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All chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade unless stated otherwise. Trolox, gallic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, esculin, taxifolin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, plantamajoside, rutin, eriodictyol, tiliroside, apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, oleuropein, secoxyloganin, asiatic acid, oleanonic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid were purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). For chromatography analysis, HPLC-grade acetonitrile and acetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and Alfa Aesar (Shanghai, China), respectively. Ultrapure water supplied by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used throughout the experiments.
4
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation in Septic Mice
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The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum and peritoneal fluid samples of septic mice from the pretreatment (12 and 24 h after PLC induction) and posttreatment (7 days postsurgery) groups was evaluated by (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. In this assay, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was incubated with potassium persulphate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to produce ABTS·+, a green/blue chromophore. The inhibition of ABTS·+ formation by antioxidants in the samples was expressed as Trolox equivalents, determined at 740 mm using a calibration curve plotted with different amounts of Trolox (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) [29 (link)].
5
Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
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Phloretin (Phl, purity ≥ 98%), isoniazid (Inz, purity = 98%), 2-picolinic acid (99%), theophylline (99%), 4-aminobenzamide (98%), proline (99%), nicotinic acid (99%) and 4-picolinic acid (99%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Phloretin (HPLC ≥ 98%) and maleic (99%) acid were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) was purchased from Sigma Life Science (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methanol was obtained from Guangzhou Reagent Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). The A549 cell line and HepG2 cell line were purchased from the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).
6
Horseradish Peroxidase-Magnetic Nanoparticle Assay
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Horseradish peroxidase Type VI (EC 1.11.1.7), polyethylenimine (PEI) (MW 1300, 2000, 25000 and 60000), 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), trehalose and potassium phosphate monobasic were from MERCK (Whitehouse Station, NJ). Dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium acetate were from Biopack (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Gel filtration PD10-Columns were from GE Healthcare (Buckimghamshire, UK). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) fluidMag-PAA (200 nm of aggregate size) were from Chemicell (Berlin, Germany). All other chemicals used were analytical grade reagents.
7
ABTS Radical Scavenging Assay
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The 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS), Sigma-Aldrich, Co.) radical-scavenging activity was measured using a slight modification of the method reported by Proestos [19 (link)]. 2,2′-azobis (2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (7 mM) (Sigma-Aldrich, Co.) was mixed with 2.45 mM ABTS and then reacted for 16 h at 4 °C. A 50 μL quantity of the sample and 100 μL of the ABTS solution were reacted at 23 °C for 20 min after adding them to a 96-well plate. The absorbance was measured at 734 nm; ascorbic acid (100 μg/mL) was used as the positive control.
8
Comprehensive Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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The chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade (purity >99.8%) and were used as obtained. HPLC-grade water, acetonitrile, methanol, and sulfuric acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, United States). The remaining chemicals and reagents, including luteolin, apigenin, luteolinidin, apigeninidin, eriodictyol, catechin, gallic acid, L-ascorbic acid, formic acid, anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), vanillin, Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States).
9
Antioxidant and Carbohydrate Hydrolysis Assays
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Porcine α-amylase, α-glucosidase, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), p-Nitrophenyl-α-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and acarbose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA, while soluble starch (extra pure) was obtained from HiMedia Laboratories (Mumbai, India). Other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. Water was double distilled.
10
Polyphenol Oxidase Assay Protocol
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Russet potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) were purchased from local markets. Catechol (ReagentPlus®, ≥99%), chlorogenic acid (CA) (≥95%), ascorbic acid (AA), ascorbate oxidase (AO), and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). AO stock solution was prepared in aqueous 4 mM sodium phosphate and 0.05% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, pH 5.6, as described by Bergmeyer [25 ]. ABTS+● stock solution was prepared following the procedure of Huang et al. [26 (link)]. PPO substrate stock solutions were prepared in diluted acid (10 mM phosphoric acid) to prevent autoxidation [27 (link)].
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